Abstract: Jiangxi Province is one of the abundants province of water resource in our country, the lormatlon and distribution ot the water resource are closely related to physical geography and geological background of area. The water resource amount in the whole province is calculated, the law of distribution of space- time of the water resource is analyzed, and the environmental quality of water resource is assessed. According to the condition of Jiangxi Province and the water resource utilization current situation, the corresponding countermeasure on reasonable exploitation of water resource is proposed.