Deformation of surrounding environment caused by vacuum precompression and its prevention
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摘要: 真空预压是软基处理常用的方法。为研究真空预压对周边土体的影响及相应的变形防治技术，开展了真空预压加固地基现场试验，通过分析监测数据揭示周边环境变形规律，评价防治效果。研究结果表明：（1）真空预压会引发周边场地水位和孔隙水压力下降，进而产生侧向位移和沉降；（2）真空预压对周边环境的影响范围与土质条件有关；（3）本项目采用砂桩+水泥土搅拌桩防治技术，加固区周边土体水平位移及沉降均减少约40%。Abstract: Vacuum preloading is a commonly used method for soft soil foundation treatment. To study the influence of vacuum preloading on surrounding soil and corresponding deformation prevention technology, a field test of vacuum preloading reinforced foundation was conducted. Through analysis of monitoring data, the deformation patterns of the surrounding environment were revealed, and the effectiveness of prevention measures was evaluated. Research results show that: (1) vacuum preloading caused a decrease in groundwater levels and pore water pressure in the surrounding area, leading to lateral displacement and settlement; (2) the impact range of vacuum preloading on the surrounding environment was found to be related to soil conditions; (3) in this project, a combination of sand piles and cement-soil mixing piles was adopted as a deformation prevention technology, effectively reducing both horizontal displacement and settlement around the reinforced area by approximately 40%.
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表 1 场地土层参数
土层 天然重度γ/（kN·m−3） 弹性模量E/kPa 泊松比v 黏聚力c/kPa 内摩擦角φ/（°） 渗透系数 Kx/（m·d−1） Ky/（m·d−1） 填土 17.5 2500 0.3 5.0 24.0 1×10−3 1×10−3 淤泥 14.0 1000 0.35 6.0 15.0 9.6×10−6 5.2×10−5 
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表 2 防护区与未防护区最大地表沉降
监测点位置 最大地表沉降/m 减小幅度/% 未防护区 防护区 距边界2 m 0.564 0.500 11.3 距边界10 m 0.364 0.305 16.2 距边界15 m 0.244 0.078 68.0 距边界20 m 0.143 0.115 19.6 距边界30 m 0.065 0.033 49.2
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表 3 防护区和未防护区最大表层位移
监测点位置 最大地表沉降/m 减小幅度/% 未防护区 防护区 距边界2 m 0.253 0.219 13.4 距边界10 m 0.281 0.217 22.8 距边界15 m 0.249 0.131 47.4 距边界20 m 0.146 0.081 44.5 距边界30 m 0.083 0.049 41.0
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