地热矿区地下水人工回灌动态监测及地热资源评价

杨帆; 宋厚园; 赵祈溶; 谭佳良

doi:10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2024-0212

地热矿区地下水人工回灌动态监测及地热资源评价

doi: 10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2024-0212

湖南省地质调查所，湖南长沙　410114

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目—湘中地区岩溶塌陷调查(水[2012]01-034-002；水[2013]02-024-003；水[2014]02-030-003；[2015]03-02-03-007)

详细信息

作者简介:
杨　帆，男，1983年生，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事水工环地质研究。E-mail：ll542310@163.com

中图分类号: P62
计量
- 文章访问数: 16
- HTML全文浏览量: 3
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-16
- 修回日期: 2024-06-28
- 录用日期: 2024-08-29
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-09

Dynamic monitoring of artificial recharge of groundwater and evaluation of geothermal resources

Geological Survey Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China

摘要

摘要: 基于地下热水长期动态监测、综合评价与研究、水文地质地质勘探、地球物理勘探等方法，开展灰汤地热矿区人工回灌地下热水资源评价。结果表明：水位较人工回灌试验前升高了24.66 m，改善了工作区地下水位持续下降的趋势；水温较人工回灌前平均下降9.33℃；大部分离子或元素含量基本能保持稳定；通过计算，灰汤地热资源总量为7.9503×10¹³ kJ，地下热水允许开采量控制在3902 m³/d是可行的。
- 地热资源 /
- 人工回灌 /
- 动态监测 /
- 资源评价
Abstract: The evaluation of artificial recharge groundwater hot water resources in the Huitang geothermal mining area was carried out through long-term dynamic monitoring, comprehensive evaluation, and hydrogeological geological and geophysical exploration. The results show that the water level increased by 24.66 meters compared to before the artificial recharge test, preventing the trend of continuous decline in groundwater levels in the working area. The water temperature has decreased by an average of 9.33 ℃ compared to before artificial recharge. The content of most ions or elements can remain stable. Through calculation, the total geothermal resources of Huitang is 7.9503 × 10¹³ kJ, and it is feasible to control the allowable mining output of underground hot water at 3902 m³/d.
- geothermal resources /
- artificial recharge /
- dynamic monitoring /
- resource evaluation

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图 1 宁乡县多年降雨直方图

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图 2 宁乡年多年月平均降雨量变化图

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图 3 灰汤地热矿区构造图

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图 4 灰汤段水文地质剖面图

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图 5 开采量及回灌量变化曲线图

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图 6 水位标高变化曲线图

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图 7 水温变化曲线图

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图 8 开采量–回灌量与水位标高线性相关关系图

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图 9 回灌量与水温线性相关关系图

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图 10 开采量–回灌量差值与水温线性相关关系图

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图 11 回灌量与偏硅酸含量线性相关关系图

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图 12 回灌量与氟含量线性相关关系图

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图 13 各离子变化随回灌水量变化曲线

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表 1 监测期间开采量、回灌量统计表

时段	回灌量	开采量
时段	回灌量	Ⅲ、Ⅳ号	Ⅴ号	Ⅵ号	Ⅶ号	合计
全年	661262	240801	194594	97945	326060	859400
平均每天	1811.68	659.73	533.13	268.34	893.32	2354.52

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表 2 水位标高监测基本数据统计表

项目	水位标高/m
项目	回灌井	Ⅶ	Ⅵ	Ⅴ	Ⅳ	Ⅲ
统计数/个	73	4	73	73	48	73
最大值	50.85	54.83	63.74	64.45	64.27	63.78
最小值	31.96	50.56	45.48	45.03	49.72	45.36
平均值	43.79	52.94	55.28	55.08	57.21	55.12

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表 3 水温监测汇总表

项目	水温/℃
项目	Ⅶ号	Ⅵ号	Ⅴ号	Ⅳ号	Ⅲ号
统计个数	73	73	73	38	35
最大值	85.6	87.5	84.3	86.7	88.2
最小值	72.3	75.4	73.7	77.2	80.1
平均值	76.21	81.45	77.58	83.18	83.71

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表 4 水质试验结果统计表 mg/L

指标	Ⅴ号井回灌阶段			Ⅵ-1	Ⅶ号井回灌阶段			回灌井
指标	最大值	最小值	平均值	Ⅵ-1	最大值	最小值	平均值	最大值	最小值	平均值
K⁺	4.74	3.22	4.12	3.54	4.08	2.96	3.44	4.56	3.3	3.74
Ca²⁺	15.07	3.06	8.87	7.19	13.9	7.08	9.91	29.98	20.06	26.52
Na⁺	93.59	53.05	72.78	68.50	76.7	46.34	57.46	13.79	4.02	8.43
Mg²⁺	2.2	0.12	0.37	0.44	1.1	0.42	0.78	4.41	2.02	3.38
Al³⁺	0.05	0.01	0.04	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.04	0.2	0.04	0.08
Fe	0.432	0.008	0.059	0.006	0.064	0.005	0.014	0.096	0.008	0.032
Cl⁻	7.6	3.04	4.95	6.73	9.12	2.28	5.63	19.2	9.12	13.33
SO₄²⁻	71.87	40	57	35.20	59.44	37.8	44.09	28.61	11.67	18.15
HCO₃⁻	164.75	114.41	143.27	140.00	146.45	117.46	127.18
CO₃²⁻	6.1	0	1.59	0.00	9	0	2.39	1.52	0	0.25
NO₃⁻	1.89	0.03	0.34	0.76	1.8	0.13	0.6	7.56	0.28	1.92
F⁻	5.17	3.8	4.25	4.24	4.5	3.4	4.01	0.49	0.11	0.2
Li	0.59	0.37	0.5	0.42	0.57	0.35	0.42
Sr	0.104	0.06	0.084	0.075	0.1	0.066	0.084
Zn	0.0036	0.0002	0.0016	0.0032	0.003	0.0001	0.0008	0.022	0.001	0.0098
Br⁻	0.007	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.007	0.001	0.002	0.007	0.001	0.002
I⁻	0.005	0.001	0.002	0.004	0.005	0.001	0.002	0.019	0.001	0.004
Mn	0.011	0.001	0.0079	0.0007	0.01	0.001	0.0028	0.113	0.0004	0.0389
Hg	0.0008	0.0001	0.0004	0.0001	0.0008	0.0001	0.0005	0.0006	0.0002	0.0004
As	0.22	0.0003	0.0257	0.0120	0.1	0.0003	0.0129	0.0008	0.0003	0.0006
H₂SiO₃	93	57.85	75.85	92.90	91.2	60.39	76.11
Ba	0.021	0.001	0.003	0.004	0.01	0.001	0.002
Ni	0.0015	0.0004	0.0009	0.0003	0.0015	0.0004	0.0009
色度	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
浑浊度	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
pH	8.67	7.94	8.2	8.18	8.67	8.03	8.32	8.32	7.18	7.75
COD	2.64	0.89	1.85	1.76	2.56	1.52	1.87	4.8	1.44	3.04
fCO₂	4.4	0	1.14	2.20	2.2	0	0.45
溶解性总固体	453.74	218.96	312.29	289.51	340.88	222.72	271.88	276.24	115.96	189.89
总硬度	38.66	15.78	23.66	19.75	38.8	19.39	27.78	92.25	58.4	79.86
暂时硬度	38.66	15.78	23.66	19.75	38.8	19.39	27.78	92.25	58.4	79.86
负硬度	117.77	73.9	97.28	0.00	100.61	63.7	80.29
总碱度	140	100	120.94	114.80	120	100	108.08

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表 5 水位标高平均值数据对比表

开采井	水位标高平均值/m			备注
开采井	回灌前	监测期间	水位升高	备注
Ⅲ	29.60	55.12	25.52	Ⅳ、Ⅶ开采井因监测数据不完整，导致与Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ号开采井平均值差距较大，但总体变化趋势一致
Ⅳ		57.21
Ⅴ	29.75	55.08	25.33
Ⅵ	30.54	55.28	24.74
Ⅶ	29.91	52.94	23.03

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表 6 水温平均值数据对比表

开采井	水温平均值/℃
开采井	回灌前	监测阶段	水温降低
Ⅲ		83.71
Ⅳ	91.5	83.18	8.32
Ⅴ	87.8	77.58	10.22
Ⅵ	90.9	81.45	9.45
Ⅶ		76.21

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表 7 监测前后水位标高对比表 m

阶段	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	平均值
监测起始	51.09	50.25	51.38	51.82
监测结束	56.60	56.85	56.25	56.86
升高值	5.51	6.60	4.87	5.04	5.51
注：Ⅶ号开采井因后期未能监测，不作对比。

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表 8 监测前后水温对比表 ℃

阶段	Ⅲ（Ⅳ）	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅶ	平均值
监测起始	76.0	82.0	80.0	83.4
监测结束	75.5	81.4	79.3	82.7
下降值	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6

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