软弱破碎围岩小孔径锚索钻孔钻进技术研究与试验

王睿; 鄢浩; 陈睿祺; 于家武; 肖文辉

doi:10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2024-0408

软弱破碎围岩小孔径锚索钻孔钻进技术研究与试验

doi: 10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2024-0408

1.
四川师范大学工学院，四川成都　610066
2.
中铁隧道集团二处有限公司，河北廊坊　065201
3.
陕西祐通材料有限公司，陕西西安　710000

基金项目: 四川省自然科学基金（ 24NSFSC5134）；四川师范大学自制仪器研发项目（ZZYQ2021003）

详细信息

作者简介:
王　睿，女，1988年生，副教授，博士，主要从事地下工程方面的教学和科研工作。E-mail：522900646@qq.com

中图分类号: U455
计量
- 文章访问数: 9
- HTML全文浏览量: 3
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-06
- 修回日期: 2025-01-08
- 录用日期: 2025-03-06
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-12-08

Drilling technology and experiment of small aperture anchor cable in weak-broken rock

1.
Engineering College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
2.
The 2nd Engineering Co., Ltd. of China Railway Tunnel Group, Langfang 065201, Hebei, China
3.
Shaanxi Youtong Materials Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 如何高效施钻深锚孔是制约小孔径预应力锚索在软弱破碎围岩中应用的关键。以木寨岭公路隧道为工程依托，在分析钻进关键参数基础上，选择适宜锚杆钻机和PDC钻具开展了小孔径锚索钻孔钻进技术研究与试验。主要结论如下：提出的基于转速n、轴推力F、扭矩M等关键参数的锚杆钻机选型方法，能够实现对锚杆钻机的合理选型；后倾角是PDC钻具钻进工效和使用寿命的关键影响因素，设计应以20°为基准；适当减小PDC钻具后倾角有助于提升钻进工效，且随岩石强度降低及钻进深度增加，提升效果越明显，但存在着PDC钻具使用寿命下降的情况。研究成果有助于提升小孔径预应力锚索的施工工效。
- 小孔径预应力锚索 /
- 钻孔技术 /
- 锚杆钻机 /
- PDC钻头
Abstract: How to efficiently drill deep anchor hole is a key factor that restricts the application of small aperture prestressed anchor cable system in weak-broken rock. Taking the Muzhailing Highway Tunnel as an example, based on the analysis of key drilling parameters, suitable bolt drilling rig and PDC drilling bit was selected to conduct research on the drilling technology of small aperture anchor cable. The main conclusions are as follows: The selection method of bolt drilling rig based on key parameters such as rotational speed n, shaft thrust F and torque M can effectively realize the reasonable selection of bolt drilling rig. The back rake angle is a key factor affecting the drilling efficiency and service life of PDC drilling tool, and the design should be based on 20°. Properly reducing the back rake angle of PDC drilling bit is helpful to improve the drilling efficiency, and with the decrease of rock strength and the increase of drilling depth, the improvement effect is more and more obvious, but there is a decrease in the service life of PDC drilling bit. The research results are helpful to improve the construction efficiency of small aperture prestressed anchor cable.
- small aperture prestressed anchor cable /
- drilling technology /
- bolt drilling rig /
- PDC drilling bit

HTML全文

图 1 木寨岭公路隧道地质纵断面图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 掌子面主要围岩类型

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 PDC切削齿关键参数

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 PDC切削齿破岩力学模型

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 后倾角α与水平力F₂的关系曲线

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 PDC钻具2种失效模式

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 不同岩石中2种PDC钻具使用寿命

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 钻进工效

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 岩体主要力学指标

岩体名称	抗压强度R/MPa	变形模量E/GPa	泊松比ν	内摩擦角φ/（°）	黏聚力c/MPa
炭质板岩	16～38	2	0.37	32	0.9
砂质板岩	39～65	3.5	0.34	35	1.2

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 MQT-130/3.2钻机主要参数

参数	设计值	优选值	备注
转速/（r∙min）	260	220～384	满足要求
转矩/（N∙m）	130	>22.7	满足要求
最大推力/kN	8.8	>7.7	炭质板岩中钻速>0.8 m/min

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 2种PDC钻具的主要参数

PDC-1	PDC-2	编号	钻具直径/mm	PDC片半径/mm	后倾角/（°）	侧转角/（°）	材质
		PDC-1	28	6.75	17.5	5	35CrMo合金钢+PDC
		PDC-2	28	6.75	20	5	35CrMo合金钢+PDC

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 试验段信息

编号	里程	岩性	代表性掌子面	抗压强度R_c/MPa	地下水情况	钻具	钻孔统计数/个
Y-1-1	ZK216+943～+934.2	炭质板岩		20～33(6组)	不发育	PDC-1	75
Y-1-2	ZK216+934.2～+925.8	炭质板岩		16～35(8组)		PDC-2	75
Y-2-1	YK219+845.8～+855.4	砂质板岩		42～61(10组)		PDC-1	75
Y-2-2	YK219+874.6～+884.2	砂质板岩		33～70(10组)		PDC-2	75

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(20)

[1]	何满潮, 任树林, 陶志刚. 深埋隧道灾变防控方法[J]. 工程地质学报, 2022, 30(6): 1777-1797. (HE M C, REN S L, TAO Z G. Disaster prevention and control methods for deep buried tunnels[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2022, 30(6): 1777-1797. (in Chinese) HE M C, REN S L, TAO Z G. Disaster prevention and control methods for deep buried tunnels[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2022, 30（6）: 1777-1797. (in Chinese)
[2]	于家武, 郭新新. 木寨岭公路隧道复合型大变形控制技术与实践[J]. 隧道建设(中英文), 2021, 41(9): 1565-1576. (YU J W, GUO X X. Composite large deformation control techniques for Muzhailing highway tunnel[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2021, 41(9): 1565-1576. (in Chinese) YU J W, GUO X X. Composite large deformation control techniques for Muzhailing highway tunnel[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2021, 41（9）: 1565-1576. (in Chinese)
[3]	任浩, 张斌, 边鹏飞, 等. 挤压性围岩隧道施工案例分析及技术对策[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2021, 58(S2): 165-171. (REN H, ZHANG B, BIAN P F, et al. Case analysis and technical countermeasures of tunnelling in squeezing surrounding rocks[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2021, 58(S2): 165-171. (in Chinese) REN H, ZHANG B, BIAN P F, et al. Case analysis and technical countermeasures of tunnelling in squeezing surrounding rocks[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2021, 58（S2）: 165-171. (in Chinese)
[4]	郭新新, 杨铁轮, 马振旺, 等. 软岩挤压型大变形隧道锚杆施工特性及工艺优化[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2020, 17(4): 924-930. (GUO X X, YANG T L, MA Z W, et al. Optimization of construction machine and technology of bolt for large squeezing deformation tunnel in soft rock[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2020, 17(4): 924-930. (in Chinese) GUO X X, YANG T L, MA Z W, et al. Optimization of construction machine and technology of bolt for large squeezing deformation tunnel in soft rock[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2020, 17（4）: 924-930. (in Chinese)
[5]	刘熙媛, 张冲, 曹富兴, 等. 公路隧道散体围岩中锚杆支护优化布置研究[J]. 公路工程, 2022, 47(4): 53-60. (LIU X Y, ZHANG C, CAO F X, et al. Study on optimal arrangement of bolt supporting in bulk rock of highway tunnel[J]. Highway Engineering, 2022, 47(4): 53-60. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12361/2661-3522-04-04-76150 LIU X Y, ZHANG C, CAO F X, et al. Study on optimal arrangement of bolt supporting in bulk rock of highway tunnel[J]. Highway Engineering, 2022, 47（4）: 53-60. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12361/2661-3522-04-04-76150
[6]	金宇轩. 基于Hoek-Brown强度准则的锚杆支护效应研究[J]. 公路工程, 2024, 49(2): 105-109. (JIN Y X. Study on bolt support effect based on hoek brown strength criterion[J]. Highway Engineering, 2024, 49(2): 105-109. (in Chinese) JIN Y X. Study on bolt support effect based on hoek brown strength criterion[J]. Highway Engineering, 2024, 49（2）: 105-109. (in Chinese)
[7]	康红普, 姜鹏飞, 刘畅, 等. 煤巷锚杆支护施工装备现状及发展趋势[J]. 工矿自动化, 2023, 49(1): 1-18. (KANG H P, JIANG P F, LIU C, et al. Current situation and development trend of rock bolting construction equipment in coal roadway[J]. Journal of Mine Automation, 2023, 49(1): 1-18. (in Chinese) KANG H P, JIANG P F, LIU C, et al. Current situation and development trend of rock bolting construction equipment in coal roadway[J]. Journal of Mine Automation, 2023, 49（1）: 1-18. (in Chinese)
[8]	于红星. 基于ABAQUS的机载锚杆钻机钻头优化方法[J]. 煤炭技术, 2022, 41(8): 244-246. (YU H X. Optimization method of airborne roof bolter bit based on ABAQUS[J]. Coal Technology, 2022, 41(8): 244-246. (in Chinese) YU H X. Optimization method of airborne roof bolter bit based on ABAQUS[J]. Coal Technology, 2022, 41（8）: 244-246. (in Chinese)
[9]	郑朝保, 张龙, 冯中兴, 等. 我国隧道凿岩设备的应用与发展[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2018, 55(4): 9-13,24. (ZHENG C B, ZHANG L, FENG Z X, et al. Development and application of rock-drilling equipment in China[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2018, 55(4): 9-13,24. (in Chinese) ZHENG C B, ZHANG L, FENG Z X, et al. Development and application of rock-drilling equipment in China[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2018, 55（4）: 9-13,24. (in Chinese)
[10]	张国榉, 叶凌云, 邓治洲, 等. 加快研发钎具使用技术及配套机具, 克服钎具发展短板[J]. 凿岩机械气动工具, 2016(1): 6-17. (ZHANG G J, YE L Y, DENG Z Z, et al. Forging ahead R&D of rock-drilling tools’ application technology and matching attachments and breaking the bottlenecks during the development of rock-drilling tools[J]. Rock Drilling Machinery & Pneumatic Tools, 2016(1): 6-17. (in Chinese) ZHANG G J, YE L Y, DENG Z Z, et al. Forging ahead R&D of rock-drilling tools’ application technology and matching attachments and breaking the bottlenecks during the development of rock-drilling tools[J]. Rock Drilling Machinery & Pneumatic Tools, 2016（1）: 6-17. (in Chinese)
[11]	秦文光, 王富强, 徐双用, 等. 锚杆支护钻机现状与发展趋势[J]. 煤矿机械, 2023, 44(4): 93-95. (QIN W G, WANG F Q, XU S Y, et al. Current situation and development trend of bolt support drilling rig[J]. Coal Mine Machinery, 2023, 44(4): 93-95. (in Chinese) QIN W G, WANG F Q, XU S Y, et al. Current situation and development trend of bolt support drilling rig[J]. Coal Mine Machinery, 2023, 44（4）: 93-95. (in Chinese)
[12]	付孟雄, 刘少伟, 贾后省, 等. 巷道下向小孔径锚固孔钻进产渣特征及高效钻头设计[J]. 煤炭学报, 2022, 47(6): 2311-2325. (FU M X, LIU S W, JIA H S, et al. Fragments generation characteristics and design of a kind of efficient rock breaking bit during borehole drilling with small diameter at a downward angle of coal mine roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2022, 47(6): 2311-2325. (in Chinese) FU M X, LIU S W, JIA H S, et al. Fragments generation characteristics and design of a kind of efficient rock breaking bit during borehole drilling with small diameter at a downward angle of coal mine roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2022, 47（6）: 2311-2325. (in Chinese)
[13]	孙荣军. 煤矿用锚杆钻头的应用现状与发展趋势[J]. 探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程), 2017, 44(5): 58-61. (SUN R J. Application status and developmental trend of anchor drill bit in coal mine[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2017, 44(5): 58-61. (in Chinese) SUN R J. Application status and developmental trend of anchor drill bit in coal mine[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2017, 44（5）: 58-61. (in Chinese)
[14]	杨鹏. 锚杆钻机回转与推进的液压系统协同控制研究[D]. 淮南: 安徽理工大学, 2022. (YANG P. Cooperative control strategy of hydraulic system for rotation and propulsion in the anchor-hole driller[D]. Huainan: Anhui University of Science and Technology, 2022. (in Chinese) YANG P. Cooperative control strategy of hydraulic system for rotation and propulsion in the anchor-hole driller[D]. Huainan: Anhui University of Science and Technology, 2022. (in Chinese)
[15]	徐锁庚. 软岩巷道底板液压钻机设计理论及关键技术研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2014. (XU S G. Research on design theory and key technologies of the hydraulic roof bolter for floor of soft rock roadway[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2014. (in Chinese) XU S G. Research on design theory and key technologies of the hydraulic roof bolter for floor of soft rock roadway[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2014. (in Chinese)
[16]	张俊, 姚多喜, 鲁海峰, 等. 煤系岩体物理力学参数特征及统计分析—以皖北青东煤矿为例[J]. 龙岩学院学报, 2019, 37(2): 39-49. (ZHANG J, YAO D X, LU H F, et al. Characteristics and statistical analysis of physical and mechanical parameters of coal measures rock mass——a case study of Qingdong coal mine in morthern Anhui[J]. Journal of Longyan University, 2019, 37(2): 39-49. (in Chinese) ZHANG J, YAO D X, LU H F, et al. Characteristics and statistical analysis of physical and mechanical parameters of coal measures rock mass——a case study of Qingdong coal mine in morthern Anhui[J]. Journal of Longyan University, 2019, 37（2）: 39-49. (in Chinese)
[17]	杨占军. 岩石抗剪强度的检测与计算[J]. 内蒙古煤炭经济, 2022(21): 148-150. (YANG Z J. Detection and calculation of rock shear strength[J]. Inner Mongolia Coal Economy, 2022(21): 148-150. (in Chinese) YANG Z J. Detection and calculation of rock shear strength[J]. Inner Mongolia Coal Economy, 2022(21): 148-150. (in Chinese)
[18]	刘彪, 吴杰, 张俊, 等. 基于离散元方法的PDC钻头切削齿破岩机理数值模拟[J]. 矿业研究与开发, 2021, 41(2): 165-169. (LIU B, WU J, ZHANG J, et al. Numerical simulation on the rock breaking of cutter teeth of PDC cutter based on discrete element method[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2021, 41(2): 165-169. (in Chinese) LIU B, WU J, ZHANG J, et al. Numerical simulation on the rock breaking of cutter teeth of PDC cutter based on discrete element method[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2021, 41（2）: 165-169. (in Chinese)
[19]	李田军. PDC钻头破碎岩石的力学分析与机理研究[D]. 武汉: 中国地质大学, 2012. (LI T J. Mechanical analysis and fragmentation mechanism of PDC bits drilling rock[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences, 2012. (in Chinese) LI T J. Mechanical analysis and fragmentation mechanism of PDC bits drilling rock[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences, 2012. (in Chinese)
[20]	高科, 孙阳, 刘婧, 等. 石灰岩地层PDC钻头仿生PDC齿工作角优化试验研究[J]. 探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程), 2015, 42(11): 70-73. (GAO K, SUN Y, LIU J, et al. Experimental study on bionic PDC cutting teeth of PDC bit working angle optimization for limestone stratum[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2015, 42(11): 70-73. (in Chinese) GAO K, SUN Y, LIU J, et al. Experimental study on bionic PDC cutting teeth of PDC bit working angle optimization for limestone stratum[J]. Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2015, 42（11）: 70-73. (in Chinese)