Application of concentrated energy interval charging blasting in peripheral hole for controlling over and under-excavation in soft rock tunnels
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摘要: 软岩隧道采用传统光面爆破技术操作复杂、超欠挖严重且成本较高。依托某软岩隧道爆破开挖工程，提出周边孔聚能间隔装药技术，其原理是利用药包与周边孔间隔装药聚能爆破装置产生的高温、高压和高能量密度的轴向金属聚能射流传爆间隔药包。现场设计了3种间隔药包的装药结构并进行了爆破试验，综合爆破效果和施工效率，采用药包间隔45 cm的爆破方案。对比原方案，采用周边孔聚能间隔装药技术的优化方案超欠挖减少了41.77%，半眼率提高了9.47%，同时减少喷射混凝土和导爆索的使用量，有效降低了周边孔装药的操作难度和成本，取得了良好的光面爆破效果和经济效益。Abstract: To address the issues of severe over-excavation and under-excavation, complex operation, and high cost in smooth blasting of surrounding holes in soft rock tunnels, a concentrated energy interval charging technology for surrounding holes was proposed. The principle of this technology is to use the high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-energy-density axial metal cumulative jet generated by the interval charging cumulative blasting device between the charge and surrounding holes to detonate the interval charges. Three charging structures of interval charges were designed on-site, and blasting experiments were conducted. Through a comprehensive evaluation of blasting effects and construction efficiency, the blasting scheme with a charge interval of 45 cm was determined to be adopted. Compared with the original scheme, the optimized scheme using the concentrated energy interval charging technology for surrounding holes reduces over-excavation and under-excavation by 41.77%, increases the semi-eye retention rate by 9.47%, and simultaneously reduces the usage of shotcrete and detonating cords. It effectively simplifies the operation difficulty of charging surrounding holes and reduces costs, achieving good surrounding hole blasting effects and economic benefits.
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Key words:
- smooth blasting /
- charge structure /
- shaped charge blasting /
- blasting effect
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