Monitoring andanalysis of water and soil pressure on diaphragm wall during excavation of deep foundation pit
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摘要: 针对城市地下空间开发中深基坑工程的安全性问题，以地下连续墙施工引起的水土应力变化为研究对象，通过理论分析和现场监测数据对比，探讨了基坑围护结构土压力的计算方法和实际变形规律。研究发现，地连墙水土压力监测值能够有效反映基坑围护结构的实际受力状态。通过在某深基坑工程中应用铲状地层应力监测装备，对基坑开挖过程中坑内外水、土压力变化进行监测，并与设计计算值进行了比较分析。结果表明，静止状态下基坑设计土压力采用水土分算与实测值相吻合，而开挖过程中土压力监测值比理论计算值小，这与墙体位移和地下水渗流有关。本研究对基于现场监测数据研究基坑受力变形规律，从而优化设计方案，具有一定的指导意义。Abstract: Aiming at the safety problem of deep foundation pit engineering in the development of urban underground space, the change of water and soil stress caused by the construction of underground continuous walls is taken as the research object. Through theoretical analysis and field monitoring data comparison, the calculation method and actual deformation law of soil pressure of foundation pit retaining structure are discussed. It is found that the monitoring value of water and soil pressure of the diaphragm wall can effectively reflect the actual stress state of the foundation pit retaining structure. In this deep foundation pit project, the use of shovel-shaped stratum stress monitoring devices enables the observation of soil and water pressure variations both within and outside the pit during the excavation process. This data is then evaluated against the values calculated during the design phase for comparison. The results show that the designed earth pressure of the foundation pit under the static state is consistent with the measured value, and the monitoring value of the earth pressure during the excavation process is smaller than the theoretical calculation value, which is related to the wall displacement and groundwater seepage. This study has certain guiding significance for studying the deformation law of foundation pit based on field monitoring data, to optimize the design scheme.
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表 1 场地地质条件
地质
年代层序 土层名称 厚度/m 状态或
密实度压缩性 Q43 ①1 填土 3.32 ② 灰黄色黏土 0.7 可塑 中 Q42 ③ 灰色淤泥质粉质黏土 7 流塑 高 ④ 灰色黏土 6.9 流塑 高 Q41 ⑤1 灰色黏土 9.7 软塑–
流塑高 Q32 ⑥ 暗绿–草黄色粉质黏土 3.9 可塑–
硬塑中 ⑦1 草黄色砂质粉土 6 中密 中 ⑦21 草黄–灰黄色粉砂 22.5 密实 中 
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表 2 深基坑施工工况
工况名 施工内容 初始状态 地连墙施工 工况一 开挖至冠梁底以下0.5 m，冠梁及第一道支撑施工 工况二 开挖至第二道支撑以下0.5 m，第二道支撑施工 工况三 开挖至第三道支撑以下0.5 m，第三道支撑施工 工况四 开挖至坑底
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