双碳目标下海洋新能源岩土工程特点与实践

单治钢; 孙淼军; 周波翰; 胡士骏; 张岩

doi:10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2024-0500

双碳目标下海洋新能源岩土工程特点与实践第九届全国岩土工程实录交流会特邀报告

doi: 10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2024-0500

单治钢^{1, 2, 3,},
孙淼军^{1, 2, 3},
周波翰^{1, 2, 3},
胡士骏^{1, 2, 3},
张岩^{1, 2, 3,}

1.
中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司，浙江杭州　311122
2.
浙江华东岩土勘察设计研究院有限公司，浙江杭州　310030
3.
海洋岩土工程勘察技术与装备浙江省工程研究中心，浙江杭州　310030

详细信息

作者简介:
单治钢，男，1965年生，大学本科，正高级工程师，主要从事工程地质和岩土工程勘察研究。E-mail：shan_zg@hdec.com

中图分类号: P642
计量
- 文章访问数: 8
- HTML全文浏览量: 2
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-31
- 修回日期: 2025-02-13
- 录用日期: 2025-03-06
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-12-08

Characteristics and practice of marine new energy geotechnical engineering under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals

Shan Zhigang^{1, 2, 3
,},
Sun Miaojun^{1, 2, 3},
Zhou Bohan^{1, 2, 3},
Hu Shijun^{1, 2, 3},
Zhang Yan^{1, 2, 3
,}

1.
PowerChina Huadong Engineering Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311122, Zhejiang, China
2.
Zhejiang Huadong Geotechnical Engineering Investigation & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China
3.
Marine Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 复杂的海洋环境和地质条件使海上风电岩土工程勘探试验实施困难，评价难度大。针对目前海上风电勘察存在的主要问题，依托大量海上风电岩土工程勘察实践，从海上岩土工程勘探装备、海上精准探测和原位测试技术、海上岩土工程勘察评价体系构建三个方面，对系统对策的研究成果进行了详细梳理，形成了海洋岩土工程勘察装备与技术体系。勘探装备方面，涵盖不同水深自升式平台（如75 m级“华东院308”，极限水深80 m）、综合勘察船、波浪补偿套管系统（补偿量1.5～2.0 m，最大钻孔1500 m）及系列取样装置。技术上，形成精准定位（平面中误差≤5 cm，高程中误差≤10 cm）、综合物探组合方法及改进的原位测试技术。评价体系含不良地质评价、4类抗震地段划分，提出基于CPTU的参数取值技术。成果应用于近百个风电场，覆盖全国70%并网容量，支撑4000余座海洋基础等建设，形成多项国家标准，为海上风电工程提供技术支撑。
- 新能源 /
- 海上风电 /
- 岩土工程 /
- 勘探装备 /
- 精准探测 /
- 原位测试 /
- 勘察评价体系
Abstract: The complex marine environment and geological conditions make it difficult to implement and evaluate geotechnical engineering exploration and testing for offshore wind power. This study aims to address the main problems existing in current offshore wind power investigation, based on a large number of practices in offshore wind power geotechnical engineering investigation, systematically sorts out the countermeasures from three aspects: offshore geotechnical engineering exploration equipment, offshore precise detection and in-situ testing technologies, and the construction of offshore geotechnical engineering investigation and evaluation system. In terms of exploration equipment, it covers jack-up platforms for different water depths (e.g., the 75 m-class "Huadong Institute 308" with a maximum water depth of 80 m), comprehensive investigation vessels, wave-compensated casing systems (with a compensation range of 1.5～2.0 m and a maximum drilling depth of 1500 m), and a series of sampling devices. In terms of technologies, precision positioning (with a mean error of plane and elevation of ≤5 cm and 10 cm, respectively), comprehensive geophysical prospecting combination methods, and improved in-situ testing technologies have been developed. The evaluation system includes the evaluation of unfavorable geology and the division of 4 types of seismic zones, and proposes a parameter selection technology based on CPTU. These achievements have been applied to nearly 100 wind farms, covering 70% of the national grid-connected capacity, supporting the construction of over 4,000 marine foundations and other structures, and formulating multiple national standards, thus providing technical support for offshore wind power projects.
- new energy sources /
- offshore wind farm /
- geotechnical engineering /
- investigation equipment /
- precise detection /
- in-situ tests /
- investigation evaluation system

HTML全文

图 1 海上风电装机我国容量（截至2023年）^[1]

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图 2 各水深多功能勘探平台

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图 3 “汇金888”海洋综合勘察船

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图 4 随钻监测系统一体化钻机

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图 5 波浪补偿套管系统和工艺

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图 6 新型取样装置与取样工艺

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图 7 海洋物探设备

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图 8 Roson 200海床式CPTU

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图 9 球形静力触探仪

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图 10 海上勘探平台专用土工实验室

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图 11 钙质砂压缩特性

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图 12 钙质砂剪切特性

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图 13 基于CPTU的黏土强度解译

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图 14 相对密实度和有效内摩擦角区间图

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表 1 海底浅层气分类^[4]

类型		特征
按赋存形态分	层状浅层气	沉积环境比较稳定，沉积物中有机质丰富，分解生成的气体与沉积物伴生，埋藏深度不一、大面积层状分布
	团块状、囊状浅层气	分布受沉积层中有机质含量、孔隙率大小控制，呈团块状、囊状相对富集于某一区块或某几个区块
	柱状或羽状、烟囱状浅层气	较深部位生成的气体沿断层带、孔隙或裂隙等通道向海底浅部土层运移，形成柱状、羽状、烟囱状分布。常与底辟、泥火山和断层伴生
按气体压力分	高压浅层气	气体压力大于或等于0.4 MPa
	中压浅层气	气体压力在0.2～0.4 MPa
	低压浅层气	气体压力小于0.2 MPa

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表 2 海底沙丘沙波的活动性分类^[22]

分类	依据
分类	形态特征	砂粒组成	运移速率
强活动性	脊线弯曲，两坡交切尖锐，沙波指数和沙波不对称指数均大，坡表面光滑，或叠置顺流小沙丘	细、中砂分选好，松散、轻、重矿物比高，有孔虫壳有磨损，破碎	整体运移速率大于或等于1 m/a
中等活动性	脊线直，两坡交切尖锐，沙波指数和沙波不对称指数较大，坡面叠置异向小沙波	松散的中、细砂，分选较好，有孔虫壳有磨损，破碎	整体运移速率小于1 m/a
弱活动性	两坡交切浑圆，脊线模糊，沙波指数和沙波不对称指数均较小，表面有植物碎屑和生物痕迹	细、中砂为主，含5%～10%以上的粉砂黏土，硬度较大，有孔虫壳有锈染	整体轻微移动
不活动	丘状起伏可见，脊线模糊不清，表面见植物碎屑和生物活动痕迹	沙丘表面粉砂黏土层覆盖砂层，致密或胶结	整体长期不移动

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表 3 建筑物抗震地段划分^[4]

地段类别	分级要素
地段类别	区域构造稳定性	地基条件和边坡稳定性
有利地段	稳定性好	海域地形开阔、平坦，较完整的岩体或中密、密实土层。边坡稳定性好
一般地段	稳定性较好	不属于有利、不利和危险的地段。边坡稳定性较好
不利地段	稳定性较差	海域海底沟槽、起伏较大的凹凸地、陡坎、沙丘沙波、含浅层气地层。有可液化土层或软土层分布。边坡稳定性较差
危险地段	稳定性差	地震时，海域可能产生滑坡、崩塌、地裂缝、浊流、泥火山、活动沙丘沙波。边坡稳定性差

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