Model tests and numerical simulations of grouting diffusion law in hole for slope protection of the Qiantang River
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摘要: 依托钱塘江北岸海塘安澜工程，提出采用高强水泥砂浆钻孔注浆加固迎水坡护面结构块石替代砌石更换的方案。基于模型试验和数值模拟方法，研究了水泥砂浆在砌石护坡下碎石层中的流动扩散规律，探讨了不同流动度的水泥砂浆其注浆压力、注浆量对浆液流动扩散形态以及整体填充效果的影响规律。研究结果表明：不同流动度的水泥砂浆整体扩散方向以及优势扩散通道相同，均为从注浆口处水平向对称扩散，浆液优先流动到砌石护坡下端，而后向上，但浆液在碎石层中的扩散以及破坏模式会因流动度不同而改变，不同流动度的水泥砂浆对应不同注浆压力和注浆量的破坏值。试验条件下，当浆液初始流动度为400 mm、极限注浆压力为3 MPa时，护坡极限注浆量可达51 kg；当以2 MPa恒定注浆压力时，其浆液流动薄弱区的有效体积充填率能达到83%，接近泵式注浆85%的填充效果，满足规范要求。Abstract: Based on the Haitang Anlan project on the north bank of the Qiantang River, a replacement scheme of masonry was proposed to use high-strength cement mortar drilling and grouting to strengthen the structural blocks of the protective surface of the waterfront slope. Model tests and numerical simulations on the flow and diffusion law of cement mortar in the gravel layer under masonry slope protection were carried out. The influence of grouting pressure and grouting amount on the flow diffusion form of the slurry and the overall filling effect of cement mortar with different fluidity degrees was discussed. The results show that the overall diffusion direction and dominant diffusion channel of cement mortar with different fluidity degrees are the same, which are horizontal to symmetrical diffusion from the grouting port, and the grout preferentially flows to the lower end of the masonry slope protection, and then upward, but the diffusion and failure mode of the grout in the gravel layer will change due to different fluidity. Cement mortar with different fluidity also corresponds to the failure value of different grouting pressures and grouting amounts. In this model test condition, when the initial fluidity of the slurry is about 400 mm, the ultimate grouting pressure is 3 MPa, and the mass of the ultimate injected slurry is about 51 kg. When the grouting pressure is constant at 2 MPa, the effective volume filling rate of the weak area of the slurry flow can reach 83%, which is close to the filling effect of 85% of the pump grouting and meets the requirements of the specification.
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表 1 模型试验参数
试验标号 灌浆料标号 水灰质量比 初始截锥
流动度/mm浆液密度
/（kg∙m−3）碎石层
厚度/cmEX-1 C80 0.16 427 2420 12 EX-2 C100 0.13 392 2480 12 
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