Characteristics and Prediction Method of Ground Settlement Caused by River Crossing Construction of Shield Tunneling in Soft Soil Area

River crossing construction of shield tunneling causes loss of soil mass and settlement of surface and upper bridges. Based on a shield construction project with river crossing construction in a muddy soft soil area, the ground and bridge pier settlement characteristics caused by river crossing construction under shallow overburden conditions were measured and analyzed. A method for predicting the settlement caused by the river crossing construction of shield tunneling considering construction sequences and process parameters was proposed using the long-short-term memory network model. The settlement control measures of construction were also discussed. The research shows that the settlement change of monitoring points in front of the river caused by river crossing construction can be divided into four stages. The surface settlement of the measuring points near the river is greater than that of other measuring points of the shield section. The settlement of pile foundations mainly occurs during the process of shield tunneling crossing the river. The analysis based on the measured data shows that the long-short-term memory network model can better characterize the construction impact parameters and corresponding settlement of each ring and can be used for the settlement prediction analysis caused by the river crossing construction of shield tunneling.