Mechanized matching construction and enclosed rock stability monitoring technology of subsea tunnel
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摘要: 为提高施工效率，保障施工安全，海底隧道施工逐渐由传统隧道施工方法转化为采用大型机械化配套施工。为全面推广应用机械化配套施工工法，依托胶州湾第二海底隧道工程双向六车道主线隧道，从设备选型、施工空间规划到隧道安全性评价等方面，对超长海底隧道机械化配套施工试验段进行全方面分析。其中北线隧道Ⅲ级围岩采用全断面施工，南线隧道Ⅲ级围岩和所有Ⅳ级围岩稳定地段采用台阶法施工。现场监测结果表明，机械化配套施工段现场初支变形均小于16 mm，围岩和初支结构均处于稳定状态，建议在工程全线推广应用。Abstract: To improve the construction efficiency and safety of the ultra-long subsea tunnel, there has been a gradual shift from traditional tunneling methods towards adopting large-scale mechanized integrated construction techniques. To promote the application of mechanized supporting construction methods, relying on the two-way six-lane mainline tunnel of the Jiaozhou Bay second subsea tunnel, a comprehensive analysis of the mechanized supporting construction test section of the ultra-long subsea tunnel was conducted from the aspects of equipment selection, reasonable construction space planning, and tunnel safety evaluation. The full-section construction was adopted in the north tunnel Ⅲ-level surrounding rock, and the bench method was adopted in the Ⅲ-level surrounding rock in the south tunnel and all Ⅳ-level safety surrounding rock. The field monitoring measurement results show that the primary support deformation with the mechanized construction is less than 16 mm, and the surrounding rock and the primary support structure are stable. It is suggested to promote the application on the whole project.
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表 1 施工工法和支护参数
围岩等级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 施工工法 全断面开挖 台阶法开挖 台阶高度 北线全断面/
南线7.5 m7.5 m 初期支护 10 cmCF35钢纤维喷射
混凝土+4 m多重防腐锚杆22 cm C35喷射混凝土+
ϕ8钢筋网+ H160格栅钢架+
4.5 m多重防腐锚杆二次衬砌 40 cmC50混凝土 40 cmC50钢筋混凝土 
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表 2 工程单工作面主要设备配置表
序号 设备名称 设备规格型号 数量 1 三臂凿岩台车 三臂 2 2 湿喷机械手 30 m3/h 2 3 开挖支护作业台架 7 m 1 4 拱架安装台车 三臂三篮 1 5 装载机 5 m3 2 6 挖掘机 1 m3 1 7 自卸汽车 30 t 8 8 径向注浆作业台架 7 m长 1 9 简易栈桥 15 m 1 10 自行式液压仰拱长栈桥 24 m 1 11 防水板自动铺设台车 12 m 1 12 钢筋安装台架 12 m 1 13 智能化模板台车 12 m 1 14 混凝土输送泵 60 m3/h 1 15 混凝土罐车 20 m3 4 16 衬砌养护台车 1
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表 3 现场地质预报统计
次 项目 N线 S线 总计 地质素描 442 408 850 超前钻探 56 45 101 地质雷达 57 45 102 瞬变电磁 6 5 11 SAP物探 18 15 33 总计 579 518 1097
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表 4 监控量测最大位移
类别 拱顶沉降
累计值/mm拱顶沉降
最大速率/
(mm·d−1)净空收敛
累计值/mm净空收敛
最大速率/
(mm·d−1)控制值 30 3.0 20 3 北线隧道 全断面开挖 14.5 2.2 15.1 2.2 南线隧道 台阶法开挖 16.0 2.5 16.8 2.5
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表 5 距掌子面不同距离的隧道累计变形分布统计表
距掌子面距离 监测项目 样本数 占比/% <5 mm <10 mm <15 mm <20 mm <70 m 拱顶沉降 20 30.0 70.0 100 净空收敛 19 78.9 100 70～210 m 拱顶沉降 56 37.5 76.8 96.4 100 净空收敛 56 83.9 94.6 98.2 100 210～250 m 拱顶沉降 19 68.4 73.7 100 净空收敛 19 57.9 89.5 94.7 100
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