Influence factors of the maximum impact force on the protective structure under rockfall
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摘要: 崩塌滚石对防护结构造成的最大冲击力是进行防护结构设计的前提和基础，因而对其进行准确预测具有重要的工程意义。为了探究不同滚石参数及防护结构特征条件下，滚石对防护结构的最大冲击力影响因素，研制了一套滚石冲击力测试装置，通过试验研究了在滚石质量、滚石高度、边坡坡度、防护结构倾角与缓冲层厚度等不同工况下，球形、柱形及不规则形等3种不同形状滚石对防护结构的最大冲击力。试验结果表明：滚石对防护结构的最大冲击力随滚石质量和高度的增加而呈线性增加，随边坡坡度和防护结构倾角的增加而迅速增加，随缓冲层厚度增加而线性减小。试验发现滚石形状和高度对防护结构的最大冲击力会造成较大的离散性，不规则形状滚石对防护结构最大冲击力的离散性主要源于不规则形状滚石造成的滚石运动过程的复杂性和阻拦冲击过程的不确定性，认为滚石冲击姿态及其与防护结构的接触方式对防护结构最大冲击力有着非常重要的影响。研究结果可为滚石灾害的防治及防护结构的设计提供参考。Abstract: The maximum impact force caused by the rockfall on protective structures is the premise and basis for the design of protective structures, so it is of great engineering significance to accurately predict it. Therefore, to explore the influence factors of the maximum impact force caused by the rockfall on the protective structure under different rockfall parameters and protective structure characteristics, a set of rockfall impact test device was designed. The maximum impact of the rockfall of three different shapes, such as spherical, cylindrical and irregular, on the protective structure under different the following conditions, such as rockfall mass, rockfall height, slope gradient, protective structure angle and buffer layer thickness, was studied. The test results show that the maximum impact force of the rockfall on the protective structure increases linearly with the increase of the mass and height of the rockfall, increases rapidly with the increase of the slope gradient and the angle of the protective structure, and decreases linearly with the increase of the buffer thickness. In addition, it is found that the maximum impact of the shape and height of the rockfall on the protective structure will cause greater dispersion, and the maximum impact of the irregular shape of the rockfall on the protective structure is mainly due to the complexity of the rockfall motion process and the uncertainty of the impact blocking process caused by the irregular shape of the rockfall. It is concluded that the impact attitude of the rockfall and its contact mode with the protective structure have a very important influence on the maximum impact force of the protective structure. The research results can provide reference for the prevention and control of rockfall disasters and the design of protective structures.
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Key words:
- rockfall shape /
- the maximum impact force /
- protective structure
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表 1 滚石冲击力试验方案
序号 工况 参数取值 基准条件 ① 滚石质量m/kg 1/2/3 滚石质量2 kg，
滑道坡度30°，
滚石高度0.75 m，
防护结构倾角60 °，
缓冲材料为砂土② 滚石高度h/m 0.5/0.75/1 ③ 滑道坡度α/（°） 30/45/60 ④ 防护结构倾角β/（°） 0/30/60 ⑤ 缓冲层厚度t/cm 0/2/4/6 
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