Wall stabilization and collapse prevention technology for geothermal drilling in shale formations in Zhuhu area
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摘要: 朱湖地区某地热工程钻井至泥页岩地层时，由于钻井液与地层的活度差较大，钻井液无法有效阻止压力传递且封堵性差，导致井壁发生较为严重的坍塌。为解决这一问题，研制出一种防塌钻井液，该钻井液由盐水+4%膨润土+1%PAM+2%STQ+1% SPKY+1%多元封堵剂（2%浓度ZT-1+3%浓度GX-1+2%浓度NQ）+1%胺基聚醇组成，流变性合理，能够有效抑制泥页岩的水化膨胀分散性，可以有效阻止上游压力传递给下游，封堵性能良好，同时还具备很好的润滑工作性能和抗钻屑污染能力。现场应用表明，使用该防塌钻井液后未再发生严重垮塌失稳现象，起到了较好的稳壁防塌效果。Abstract: There is a significant activity difference between the geothermal drilling shale formation in the Zhuhu area and the on-site drilling fluid. The on-site drilling fluid exhibits moderate dispersibility and fails to effectively inhibit pressure transmission, resulting in poor sealing performance and serious collapse of the drilling wellbore. To solve this problem, an optimization of the on-site drilling fluid system was proposed, and an anti-collapsing drilling fluid was prepared. The drilling fluid is composed of saline water + 4% bentonite + 1% PAM+2% STQ + 1% SPKY + 1% multi-element sealing agent (2% concentration ZT-1 + 3% concentration GX-1 + 2% concentration NQ) + 1% amino polyol, which has reasonable rheological properties and can effectively inhibit the hydration expansion and dispersion of shale. It can effectively inhibit the transmission of upstream pressure to downstream, with good plugging performance, as well as good lubrication performance and resistance to drilling debris pollution. Through on-site application, it has been proven that the use of this anti-collapsing drilling fluid has prevented serious collapse and instability. At the same drilling depth, the drilling construction period has been saved 11 days, and it has achieved good wall stabilization and anti-collapsing effects.
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表 1 防塌钻井液体系添加剂掺量
配方编号 膨润土/% PAM/% STQ/% SPKY/% 多元封堵剂/% 抑制剂/% 黏度/（mPa∙s） API滤失量/mL 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 30 5.4 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 32 3.9 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 44 6.0 4 3 2 3 2 1 1 41 5.2 5 4 1 2 1 1 1 33 2.8 6 4 2 2 2 1 1 45 7.0 7 4 1 3 1 1 1 44 3.7 8 4 2 3 2 1 1 52 4.4 
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表 2 两种钻井液性能对比
性能 指标 单位 现场钻井液 优化防塌钻井液 流变性 黏度 mPa·s 30 33 流变性 FLAPI mL 4.5 2.8 抑制性 滚动回收率 % 65.5 92.3 抑制性 5 h膨胀率 % 3.63 2.0 封堵性 FLHTHP mL 7.5 5.0 封堵性 后端压力 MPa 2.8 0.7 润滑性 润滑系数 0.0850 0.0890 润滑性 粘滞系数 0.0578 0.0715
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