Fluidized solidified soil and its workability and strength based on pumping construction
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摘要: 流动性和抗压强度是流态固化土工程应用中的关键技术指标，决定了流态固化土的和易性和工作性能。泵送施工中可通过减小湿密度，适当提高流态固化土流动性，以满足设备要求。以两种土性的工程弃土为母土，控制湿密度在1.4～1.6 g/cm3，制备高流动性流态固化土，重点研究土性和湿密度对流态固化土流动度、泌水率、抗压强度的控制规律及作用机制。研究表明：流态固化土的流动度和泌水率主要受土性影响，母土液限越高，其流动度相对越低，泌水率相对越小，固化剂掺量和种类对其影响相对不显著；抗压强度主要受湿密度和固化剂影响，湿密度越高，流态固化土强度相对越大；高流动性流态固化土自凝阶段，因水化反应尚未充分，土颗粒、土−固化剂水化产物存在自重沉降，出现不同程度泌水，导致同一固化土试样抗压强度沿深度不均匀的现象，微观结构上表现为大孔隙逐渐被水化产物填充，胶结作用更为充分，中小孔隙依次增多，土体结构更为密实。Abstract: Liquidity and compressive strength are key technical indicators in the application of fluidized solidified soil engineering, which determine the construction and workability of fluidized solidified soil and its workability of construction. During pumping construction, reducing the wet density and appropriately improving the flowability of the solidified soil can meet equipment requirements. Using two types of engineering waste soil as parent soil, with a wet density controlled between 1.4 g/cm3 and 1.6 g/cm3, high flowability fluid-solidified soil was prepared. The focus was on investigating the control laws and mechanisms of soil properties and wet density on the flowability, bleeding rate, and compressive strength of fluid solidified soil. Research has shown that the flowability and bleeding rate of fluidized solidified soil are mainly affected by soil properties. The higher the liquid limit of the parent soil, the lower its flowability and bleeding rate. The dosage and type of solidifying agent have relatively insignificant effects on it; the compressive strength is mainly affected by the wet density and curing agent. The higher the wet density, the relatively greater the strength of the fluidized solidified soil. During the self-setting stage of highly fluid solidified soil, the hydration reaction has not yet been fully carried out. The soil particles and hydration products of the soil solidifying agent have self-weight settlement, resulting in varying degrees of bleeding. This leads to uneven compressive strength of the same solidified soil sample along the depth. The microstructure shows that large pores are gradually filled by hydration products, and the bonding effect is more complete. Small and medium-sized pores increase in sequence, and the soil structure is denser.
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图 3 流动度与母土液限之间的关系
Figure 3. The relationship between fluidity and liquid limit of parent soil
图 5 湿密度与流态固化土抗压强度关系
Figure 5. Relationship between wet density and compressive strength of flowable solidified soil
图 6 流态固化土试样上中下各段抗压强度分布
Figure 6. Compressive strength distribution of upper, middle and lower segments of fluidized solidified soil samples
图 7 两种土不同层间电子显微镜扫描试验结果
Figure 7. Results of electron microscope scanning tests between different layers of two soils
表 1 基本物理性质指标
Table 1. Basic physical property indicators
母土编号 工程分类 液限
wL/%塑限
wp/%塑性指数
Ip土粒的
相对密度GS黏粒
含量/%S1 粉土 23.6 14.0 9.6 2.71 31.0 S2 高液限黏土 50.5 24.8 32.1 2.66 46.1 S3 粉质黏土 45.4 19.8 15.6 2.68 39.8 S4 粉质黏土 32.4 20.3 12.1 2.62 35.7 
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表 2 固化剂化学成分
Table 2. Chemical composition of curing agent
固化剂
种类含量/% CaO SiO2 Al2O3 SO3 MgO TiO2 Fe2O3 其他 A 51.45 23.74 9.49 7.58 4.72 0.58 1.29 1.33 B 49.68 25.12 10.24 5.28 5.94 1.45 0.86 1.43 C 55.43 22.23 9.52 3.30 2.14 0.64 4.71 2.03
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表 3 流态固化土基本性能试验汇总
Table 3. Summary of basic properties tests for fluid-consolidated soils
试样编号 流动度（ASTM D6103）/mm 流动度（JIS A313）/mm 7 d泌水率/% 初始湿密度
/（g∙cm−3）7 d表观密度
/（g∙cm−3）凝结时间/min 初凝 终凝 S1A20 730 530 20 1.44 1.51 1100 1430 S1B20 700 490 15 1.44 1.47 1250 1780 S1C20 720 500 14 1.45 1.53 1560 2420 S2A20 650 450 8 1.45 1.50 2020 2460 S2B20 660 460 5 1.43 1.46 2150 2670 S2C20 650 450 4 1.43 1.47 2960 3180 S1A30 720 510 21 1.44 1.51 1010 1320 S1B30 710 500 17 1.44 1.49 1180 1650 S1C30 720 500 15 1.45 1.52 1440 1880 S2A30 630 440 8 1.45 1.51 1880 2140 S2B30 640 460 6 1.43 1.46 1960 2230 S2C30 650 460 4 1.45 1.47 2540 2870 注：试样编号中，S1，S2分别表示试样母土类型；A，B，C分别表示所使用固化剂种类；20，30分别表示固化剂掺量（%）。
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表 4 两种土不同层间强度试验结果
Table 4. Results of interlayer strength between two different soils
试样编号 抗压强度/kPa 上层 中层 下层 变异系数 S1C20 147.2 197.6 254.9 12.4 S1C30 258.20 297.90 397.92 18.3 S1B30 1100.87 1196.59 1479.61 15.6 S2C20 147.8 207.51 296.69 28.4 S2A30 2100.3 2290.6 2584.2 8.6 S2B30 1591.9 1941.88 2346.7 19.3 S2C30 217.7 277.2 367.2 26.2
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