甲基硅酸钠改性生土耐水性能试验及机理研究

王崴; 杨杨

doi:10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2024-0524

甲基硅酸钠改性生土耐水性能试验及机理研究

doi: 10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2024-0524

王崴^{1, 2,},
杨杨^{1, 2,}

1.
内蒙古工业大学建筑学院，内蒙古呼和浩特　010051
2.
内蒙古自治区草原人居系统与低碳营建技术重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特　010051

基金项目: 2023年自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目（JY20230115）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2025MS05065）

详细信息

作者简介:
王　崴，男，1976年生，硕士，副教授，高级工程师，主要从事建筑构造与材料研究。E-mail：7414954@qq.com

中图分类号: TU411
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- 文章访问数: 9
- HTML全文浏览量: 4
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-12
- 修回日期: 2025-04-23
- 录用日期: 2025-06-26
- 刊出日期: 2026-02-06

Experimental and mechanistic study on the water resistance of sodium methylsilicate-modified raw soil

WANG Wei^{1, 2
,},
YANG Yang^{1, 2
,}

1.
School of Architecture, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Nei Mongol, China
2.
Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, Hohhot 010051, Nei Mongol, China

摘要

摘要: 以内蒙古中部生土为基材，采用表面涂刷与内掺改性两种方法，探究甲基硅酸钠（SM）对生土材料耐水性能的强化机制。通过60 min静水浸泡和120 min动态冲刷试验得出：（1）强度性能：表面涂刷与内掺试件平均抗压强度较对照组分别提升16.67%和47.66%，（2）静水性能：表面涂刷与内掺试件平均吸水率为1.57%和2.17%，软化系数达0.80和0.81；（3）抗冲刷能力：表面涂刷与内掺试件平均吸水率为0.97%和2.11%，软化系数为0.55和0.63；（4）微观机制：表面涂刷改性形成外部包裹式防水层，而内掺改性通过SM与土颗粒生成聚硅氧烷膜，同步增强防水性与结构稳定性。
- 改性生土 /
- 抗压强度 /
- 耐水性能 /
- 甲基硅酸钠
Abstract: This study investigates the reinforcement mechanism of sodium methylsilicate (SM) on the water resistance of raw soil materials using surface coating and internal incorporation modification methods, with raw soil from central Nei Mongol as the base material. Through 60-minute static water immersion and 120-minute dynamic scouring tests, the following results were obtained: (1) Mechanical properties: Surface-coated and internally incorporated specimens demonstrated 16.67% and 47.66% higher average compressive strength, respectively, compared to the control group. (2) Hydrostatic performance: The average water absorption rates were 1.57% and 2.17% for surface-coated and internally incorporated specimens, with corresponding softening coefficients reaching 0.80 and 0.81. (3) Scouring resistance: The average water absorption rates measured 0.97% and 2.11%, with softening coefficients of 0.55 and 0.63, respectively. (4) Microscopic mechanism: Surface coating modification forms an external encapsulated waterproof layer, while internal incorporation modification generates polysiloxane films through SM-soil particle interactions, simultaneously enhancing both waterproofing capability and structural stability.
- modified raw soil /
- compressive strength /
- water resistance /
- sodium methylsilicate

HTML全文

图 1 喷淋试验工具

Figure 1. Spray test tool

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图 2 改性生土试块抗压强度随SM涂刷浓度的关系

Figure 2. Relation of compressive strength of modified raw soil test block with SM coating concentration

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图 3 改性生土试块浸泡60 min吸水率随SM涂刷浓度的关系

Figure 3. Relationship of water absorption of modified raw soil test block after soaking for 60 min with SM coating concentration

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图 4 改性生土试块浸泡60 min软化系数随SM涂刷浓度的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between the softening coefficient of the modified raw soil test block soaked for 60 min and the concentration of SM brushing

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图 5 改性生土试块抗压强度随SM掺量的关系

Figure 5. Relationship of compressive strength of modified raw soil test block with the amount of SM

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图 6 改性生土试块浸泡60 min吸水率随SM掺量的关系

Figure 6. Relationship of water absorption of modified raw soil test block with SM content after soaking for 60 min

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图 7 改性生土试块浸泡60 min软化系数随SM掺量的关系

Figure 7. Softening coefficient of the modified raw soil test block soaked for 60 min is related to the amount of SM

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图 8 素土与面层涂刷SM试块120 min喷淋冲刷终态比较

Figure 8. Comparison of the final state of 120 min spray scouring between plain soil and surface coated SM test block

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图 9 面层涂刷SM试块表皮照片

Figure 9. Surface coating SM test block skin

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图 10 素土与内掺SM试块120 min喷淋冲刷终态比较

Figure 10. Comparison of the final state of 120 min spray washing between plain soil and SM doped test block

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图 11 改性生土试块冲刷120 min吸水率随SM掺量的关系

Figure 11. Relation of water absorption of modified raw soil test block with SM content after 120 min scouring

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图 12 改性生土试块冲刷120 min软化系数随SM掺量的关系

Figure 12. Relation of softening coefficient of modified raw soil test block with SM content in 120 min

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图 13 微观样本取样位置

Figure 13. Micro sample sampling location

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表 1 土壤粒径分析（质量分数）

Table 1. Soil particle size analysis (mass fraction)

筛孔尺寸/mm	>2	2～1	1～0.5	0.5～0.25	0.25～0.1	0.1～0.075	<0.075
占比/%	0.82	2.40	5.00	10.76	42.89	24.66	13.47

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表 2 面掺甲基硅酸钠（浓度）试验配合比

Table 2. Experimental mix ratio of sodium methylsilicate (concentration) for surface doping

编号	JMC-10	JMC-15	JMC-20	JMC-25	JMC-30
SM浓度/%	1	1.5	2	2.5	3

编号	JMC-35	JMC-40	JMC-45	JMC-50	JMC-55
SM浓度/%	3.5	4	4.5	5	5.5

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表 3 内掺甲基硅酸钠（质量）试验配合比

Table 3. Experimental mix ratio for the internal doping of sodium methylsilicate (by mass)

编号	JNC-03	JNC-05	JNC-07	JNC-09	JNC-11
SM掺量/%	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.9	1.1

编号	JNC-13	JNC-15	JNC-17	JNC-19	JNC-21
SM掺量/%	1.3	1.5	1.7	1.9	2.1

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表 4 面层涂刷SM改性生土试块浸泡试验耐水性情况

Table 4. Water resistance of surface layer coated with SM modified raw soil test block soaking test

浸水时间/min	试块浸水效果
10
20
30
40
50
60
90
120

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表 5 内掺甲基硅酸钠改性生土试块浸泡试验耐水性情况

Table 5. Water resistance of soil-modified raw soil test block doped with sodium methylsilicate

浸水时间/min	试块浸水效果
10
20
30
40
50
60
90
120

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表 6 面涂SM试块冲刷前后强度变化及软化系数

Table 6. Strength change and softening coefficient of SM coated test block before and after scouring

方法	性能指标	JMC-30	JMC-40	JMC-50
面层涂刷甲基硅酸钠	浓度/%	3	4	5
	（冲刷前/后抗压强度）/MPa	4.36/−	4.48/2.28	4.54/2.63
	软化系数		0.51	0.58
	质量变化率/%	−23.19	0.37	1.57

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表 7 SM不同改性生土样本的微观形貌

Table 7. Micromorphologies of different modified raw soil samples with SM

电镜倍数	ST（未掺入甲基硅酸钠）	JNC（内掺1.1%甲基硅酸钠）	JMC（面涂5%甲基硅酸钠）
500
2000
5000

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