自由设站虚拟基准线水平位移监测方法研究

李志超; 闫阳阳

doi:10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2024-0546

自由设站虚拟基准线水平位移监测方法研究

doi: 10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2024-0546

机械工业勘察设计研究院有限公司，陕西西安　710021

基金项目: 陕西省2023年创新能力支撑计划（2024CX-GXPT-17）；机勘院科技研发基金项目（11740801120210008）

详细信息

作者简介:
李志超，男，1983年生，大学本科，正高级工程师，主要从事控制测量、岩土工程监测研究。E-mail：303320251@qq.com

中图分类号: P21
计量
- 文章访问数: 23
- HTML全文浏览量: 3
- PDF下载量: 7
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-25
- 修回日期: 2025-01-06
- 录用日期: 2025-03-06
- 刊出日期: 2026-02-06

Horizontal displacement monitoring method of virtual baseline with free station setting

China JIKAN Research Institute of Engineering Investigations and Design Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 基坑监测中采用常规方法设置的基准点适用性差，传统的水平位移监测方法很难满足监测平台模块化设计和控制需求。本文分析了棱镜式基准点在城市内基坑监测中的适用性和便捷性，通过对全站仪自由设站技术的研究和应用，阐述了自由设站法建立水平位移监测独立基准网的方法步骤，并提出了提升此类基准网精度的方法，实现了对监测点相对于基准点的空间位置的精确测量。同时，提出了一种新的水平位移监测方法——基于全站仪自由设站法的水平位移监测虚拟基准线法，通过建立虚拟基准线，对监测点相对于虚拟基准线的水平距离变化进行监测，进而确定监测对象在特定方向上的位移变化，具有高精度、灵活性和实用性。
- 自由设站 /
- 水平位移监测 /
- 基准网 /
- 虚拟基准线 /
- 自动化监测
Abstract: The inconvenience of using the reference point in the current foundation pit monitoring was discussed, and the applicability and convenience of the prism reference point in the urban foundation pit monitoring were analyzed. Through the research and application of the total station free station technology, the method and steps of the free station method to establish an independent reference network for horizontal displacement monitoring was introduced, and the method to improve the accuracy of this kind of reference network was proposed, to realize the accurate measurement of the spatial position of the monitoring point relative to the reference point. A new horizontal displacement monitoring method, the virtual reference line method of horizontal displacement monitoring based on the total station free setting method, is proposed. By establishing the virtual reference line, the horizontal distance change of the monitoring point relative to the virtual reference line is monitored, and then the displacement change of the monitoring object in a specific direction is determined, which has high precision, flexibility, and practicability.
- free station /
- horizontal displacement monitoring /
- reference network /
- virtual baseline /
- automatic monitoring

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图 1 自由设站法坐标推算

Figure 1. Coordinate calculation using the free stationing method

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 增加观测条件

Figure 2. Addition of observation conditions

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图 3 虚拟基准线

Figure 3. Virtual reference line

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图 4 虚拟基准线法监测示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of virtual reference line method monitoring

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 测回数对后方交会精度的影响

Table 1. Impact of the number of observation sets on the accuracy of resection mm

工作基点点位	中误差
工作基点点位	4测回	6测回	9测回
CZD1	2.2	1.4	1.1
CZD2	1.9	1.5	1.0

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表 2 后方交会精度分析表

Table 2. Analysis of rear intersection accuracy

监测时间（年-月-日）	CZD1		CZD2
监测时间（年-月-日）	X/m	Y/m	X/m	Y/m
2024-06-05	2002.1387	1002.9583	2000.1577	4999.3095
2024-06-08	2002.1386	1002.9591	2000.1580	4999.3112
2024-06-11	2002.1391	1002.9605	2000.1585	4999.3112
2024-06-14	2002.1394	1002.9601	2000.1592	4999.3113
2024-06-17	2002.1403	1002.9604	2000.1589	4999.3108
2024-06-20	2002.1402	1002.9607	2000.1586	4999.3109
2024-06-23	2002.1410	1002.9620	2000.1587	4999.3107
2024-06-26	2002.1411	1002.9603	2000.1581	4999.3119
2024-06-29	2002.1414	1002.9607	2000.1586	4999.3128
2024-07-02	2002.1398	1002.9613	2000.1592	4999.3120
平均坐标	2002.1400	1002.9603	2000.1586	4999.3112
坐标中误差/mm	1.0	1.0	0.5	0.9
点位中误差/mm	1.4		1.0

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表 3 全站仪自由设站的虚拟基准线法与视准线法成果对比

Table 3. Comparison of results between virtual reference line method and collimation line method for free stationing of total station mm

监测时间（年-月-日）	Δd
监测时间（年-月-日）	ZQS2	ZQS4	ZQS5	ZQS6	ZQS7	ZQS8	ZQS9	ZQS10	ZQS11	ZQS12
2024-06-05	−0.3	−0.1	0.6	−0.1	−0.3	0.5	−0.5	0.0	0.5	0.0
2024-06-08	0.5	−0.1	−0.9	0.8	0.2	0.0	0.4	−0.3	0.3	0.3
2024-06-11	−0.3	−0.5	0.0	0.5	−0.4	−0.1	−0.4	0.5	−0.2	0.1
2024-06-14	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.1	−0.3	0.6	−0.6	−0.2	−0.7	−0.6
2024-06-17	−0.2	−0.3	0.0	0.9	0.0	−0.5	−0.4	0.2	0.7	0.4
2024-06-20	0.2	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.3	−0.3	−0.3	−0.7	0.5	−0.9
2024-06-23	0.2	−0.6	0.4	−0.9	0.0	0.5	0.7	0.1	−0.2	0.0
2024-06-26	0.5	0.0	−0.2	0.3	0.1	−0.5	−0.8	0.4	−0.3	0.5
2024-06-29	0.0	0.7	0.6	−0.3	0.1	0.3	−0.8	−0.6	0.0	0.7
2024-07-02	0.0	0.2	0.5	−0.1	0.0	0.7	−0.1	−0.4	−0.2	0.7

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