Response characteristics of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for pipeline detection
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摘要: 探地雷达是广泛应用于市政管线探测的浅部探测技术。为了提高对雷达探测地下管线雷达图像特征的认识，细化不同工况下雷达探测识别效果，提高雷达资料的解释精度，从雷达探测原理、时域有限差分模拟和管道探测现场工况出发，基于正演模拟软件gprMax建立不同材质、不同形态、不同管径、不同埋深、不同充水程度和不均匀介质等不同要素的模型，总结正演模拟剖面的特征，分析形成相应响应特征的因素，梳理不同参数对探测效果的影响。模拟与实测效果对比表明，可通过正演分析为工程实测提供参考。Abstract: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a shallow detection technology widely used in municipal pipeline detection. To enhance the understanding of GPR image characteristics for underground pipeline detection, refine the identification effects of GPR under different working conditions, and improve the interpretation accuracy of radar data, this research starts from the principles of GPR detection, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation, and on-site pipeline detection scenarios. Using the forward modeling software gprMax, models with different factors were established, including various materials, shapes, pipe diameters, burial depths, water-filling degrees, and heterogeneous media. The characteristics of forward modeling profiles were summarized, the forming factors of corresponding response characteristics were analyzed, and the impacts of different parameters on detection effects were sorted out. Through the comparison between simulation and field measurement results, it is proven that forward modeling analysis can provide references for engineering field measurements.
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Key words:
- GPR /
- pipeline survey /
- response characteristics
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图 2 数值模拟270 MHz天线对DN500/DN800混凝土管反射波Ez随深度变化曲线
注：括号内数据为深度和接收到反射波峰值能量。
Figure 2. Curves of reflected wave Ez varying with depth for 270 MHz antenna on DN500/DN800 concrete pipes by numerical simulation
图 3 一维FDTD电磁场随时间递推过程
Figure 3. One-dimensional FDTD electromagnetic field recursive process over times
图 6 三种材质管线正上方反射波单道曲线
Figure 6. Single-trace reflection curves directly above pipelines of three materials
图 9 洞室内管线与管线脱空正演模型
Figure 9. Forward modeling of pipelines and pipeline voids inside the cavity
图 11 测线与管线斜交正演模型
Figure 11. Forward modeling of survey line obliquely intersecting with pipeline
图 12 测线与管线斜交正演剖面
Figure 12. Forward profile of survey line obliquely intersecting with pipeline
图 13 地埋管线时距关系示意图
Figure 13. Schematic diagram of time–distance relationship for buried pipelines
图 14 射线理论下管线响应时距曲线形态
Figure 14. Morphology of time–distance curve of pipeline response under ray theory
图 19 270 MHz天线实测1.2 m埋深、DN500混凝土管响应
Figure 19. Measured response of DN500 concrete pipe at 1.2 m burial depth using 270 MHz antenna
图 20 管线中水不同填充程度正演模型
Figure 20. Forward modeling of pipelines with different water filling degrees
图 21 管线中水不同填充程度正演剖面
Figure 21. Forward profiles of pipelines with different water filling degrees
图 24 典型雨污水管线存在渗漏不密实实测剖面
Figure 24. Typical profile of rainwater and sewage pipelines with leakage and compaction defects
表 1 正演模拟物性参数表
Table 1. Physical property parameters for forward modeling
介质 相对介电常数 电导率/（S·m−1） 水 81 0.01 土体 10 0.003 混凝土 7.5 0.001 PVC 3 0 沥青 6 0.001 
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