Safety and resilience analysis of tunnel structures considering the dual effects of primary support concrete dissolution and crystallization in drainage system
-
摘要: 为探明初支混凝土溶蚀与排水系统结晶双重效应对隧道结构安全的影响，开展了碳酸侵蚀环境下水泥基材料的溶蚀试验，推导了双重效应作用下隧道结构受力的理论分析方法，以工程案例计算双重效应对隧道结构安全与韧性的影响规律。结果表明：（1）碳酸侵蚀环境中水泥基材料的强度表现出在一定的区间内波动式衰减的规律，拟合得到了双指数型强度衰减系数公式；（2）双重效应引发的隧道二衬结构应力增量与初支混凝土溶蚀衰减系数β呈反比，与溶蚀沉积转换系数δ呈正比，增量的主导地位主要受δ控制；（3）经预测，工程案例隧道运营10年后，其结构安全系数和韧性指标将分别下降17.3%和15.3%，趋近安全极限。因此，初支混凝土溶蚀和排水系统结晶双重效应对隧道结构的长期影响不可忽视，应在设计阶段予以充分考虑，并加强养护期的工程措施。Abstract: To elucidate the impact of the dual effects of primary support concrete dissolution and crystallization in drainage system on the safety of tunnel structures, a series of dissolution tests on cement-based materials under carbonation conditions were conducted. A theoretical analysis method for the stresses on tunnel structures under the dual effects was derived, and the impact of these effects on the safety and resilience was calculated in a case study. The results indicate the following: (1) Under carbonation environments, the strength of cement-based materials exhibits an oscillatory attenuation pattern within a specific range. A dual-exponential formula was fitted to characterize the strength degradation coefficient. (2) The stress increment in the tunnel lining caused by the dual effects is inversely proportional to the decay coefficient β of the primary support concrete and directly proportional to the dissolution-deposition conversion coefficient δ. The dominance of the stress increment primarily are controlled by δ. (3) Analysis predicts declines of 17.3% in the structural safety factor and 15.3% in the resilience index after 10 years of tunnel operation, which is approaching safe limits. Therefore, the long-term impact of the dual effects of primary support concrete dissolution and crystallization in drainage system on tunnel structures cannot be overlooked. These effects should be given full consideration during the design and construction phases, and engineering measures during the maintenance phase should be strengthened.
-
图 1 广东省高速公路隧道排水系统结晶分布情况
Figure 1. Crystalline distribution in the drainage system of highways tunnels in Guangdong Province
图 3 水泥砂浆抗压强度随溶蚀时间的变化规律曲线
Figure 3. Variation of cement mortar compressive strength with erosion time
图 4 三层厚壁圆筒理论分析模型
Figure 4. Three-layer thick-walled cylinder theoretical analysis model
图 5 不同溶蚀沉积转换系数δ条件下二次衬砌环向应力（r=r0，β=0.8）
Figure 5. Circumferential stresses in concrete lining under different dissolution-deposition conversion coefficient δ conditions (r=r0，β=0.8)
图 6 不同初支混凝土强度衰减系数β条件下二次衬砌环向应力（r=r0，δ=5×10−5）
Figure 6. Circumferential stresses in concrete lining under different decay coefficients of primary support β (r=r0，δ=5×10−5)
图 8 隧道结构安全系数与运营时间变化曲线
Figure 8. Variation of safety factor of tunnel linning with operating time
图 9 双重效应下隧道结构性能曲线示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of tunnel structure performance under the dual effect
图 10 隧道结构性能指标整年变化
Figure 10. Variations of tunnel structure performance indicator during a whole year
图 11 隧道结构性能指标趋势项T(t)
Figure 11. The trend term of tunnel structure performance indicator
图 12 隧道结构性能指标季节项S(t)+I(t)
Figure 12. The seasonal term and random term of tunnel structural performance indicator during a whole year
图 13 隧道结构性能指标10年变化
Figure 13. Variations of tunnel structure performance indicator during 10 years
表 1 水泥砂浆物理力学性能指标
Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar
项目 比表面积/（m2·kg−1） 标准稠度/% 凝结时间/min 抗压强度/MPa 初凝 终凝 测值 346 25.5 157 201 38.38 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 理论分析的参数
Table 2. Parameters for theoretical analysis
序号 参数 取值 单位 备注 1 r0 5 m 2 r1 5.3 m 3 r2 5.5 m 围岩内径 4 r3 25 m 5倍洞径 5 P3 2.7 MPa 100 m埋深 6 H 50 m 50 m地下水头 7 γ 10 kN·m−3 8 V 0.019 m3 ϕ110 mm纵向排水管 9 m2 1.493×104 kg 10 ρS 2.93 kg·m−3 11 E1 28 GPa 二衬弹性模量 12 E2 28 GPa 初支弹性模量 13 E3 35 GPa 围岩弹性模量 14 μ1 0.2 二衬泊松比 15 μ2 0.2 初支泊松比 16 μ3 0.3 围岩泊松比
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 计算参数
Table 3. Parameters for model calculation
参数 重度γ/(kN·m−3) 弹性模量E/GPa 泊松比μ 内摩擦角φ/(°) 弹性抗力系数K/(MPa·m−1) V级围岩 19.5 16 0.38 45 150 二次衬砌 23 30 0.2
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 林春金. 运营隧道衬砌渗漏水机理及注浆治理研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2017. (LIN C J. Studies on lining water leaking mechanism and grouting governing in operational tunnels[D]. Ji’nan: Shandong University, 2017. (in Chinese)LIN C J. Studies on lining water leaking mechanism and grouting governing in operational tunnels[D]. Ji’nan: Shandong University, 2017. (in Chinese) [2] 郭小雄. 铁路隧道排水系统结晶机理及应对措施研究[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2020, 41(1): 71-77. (GUO X X. Crystallization mechanism and countermeasures of drainage system for railway tunnel[J]. China Railway Science, 2020, 41(1): 71-77. (in Chinese)GUO X X. Crystallization mechanism and countermeasures of drainage system for railway tunnel[J]. China Railway Science, 2020, 41（1）: 71-77. (in Chinese) [3] 叶 飞, 王 坚, 田崇明, 等. 隧道排水管结晶堵塞病害研究现状与防治技术[J]. 隧道与地下工程灾害防治, 2020, 2(3): 13-22. (YE F, WANG J, TIAN C M, et al. Research progress and control techniques of crystal blockage disease of tunnel drainpipe[J]. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2020, 2(3): 13-22. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2020.03.002YE F, WANG J, TIAN C M, et al. Research progress and control techniques of crystal blockage disease of tunnel drainpipe[J]. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2020, 2（3）: 13-22. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2020.03.002 [4] 叶 飞, 田崇明, 何 彪, 等. 在建隧道排水系统结晶堵塞试验[J]. 中国公路学报, 2021, 34(3): 159-170. (YE F, TIAN C M, HE B, et al. Experimental study on scaling and clogging in drainage system of tunnels under construction[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2021, 34(3): 159-170. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2021.03.011YE F, TIAN C M, HE B, et al. Experimental study on scaling and clogging in drainage system of tunnels under construction[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2021, 34（3）: 159-170. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2021.03.011 [5] 徐金华, 周华求, 熊文威, 等. 岩溶隧道排水系统不同堵塞条件下衬砌结构力学特性[J]. 长安大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 44(1): 91-104. (XU J H, ZHOU H Q, XIONG W W, et al. Mechanical characteristics of lining structure under different blocking conditions of drainage system of Karst tunnel[J]. Journal of Chang’an University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 44(1): 91-104. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19721/j.cnki.1671-8879.2024.01.009XU J H, ZHOU H Q, XIONG W W, et al. Mechanical characteristics of lining structure under different blocking conditions of drainage system of Karst tunnel[J]. Journal of Chang’an University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 44（1）: 91-104. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19721/j.cnki.1671-8879.2024.01.009 [6] 高春君, 向立辉, 张学富, 等. 不同水位下隧道排水管结晶堵塞引起的衬砌应力分析[J]. 重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 38(5): 45-51. (GAO C J, XIANG L H, ZHANG X F, et al. Lining stress caused by crystal lization clogging of tunnel drainage pipe at different water levels[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 2019, 38(5): 45-51. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.05.08GAO C J, XIANG L H, ZHANG X F, et al. Lining stress caused by crystal lization clogging of tunnel drainage pipe at different water levels[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 2019, 38（5）: 45-51. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.05.08 [7] 李林毅, 阳军生, 高 超, 等. 排水管堵塞引起的高铁隧道结构变形与渗流场特征模拟试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2021, 43(4): 715-724. (LI L Y, YANG J S, GAO C, et al. Simulation tests on structural deformation and seepage field of high-speed railway tunnels under drainage clogging[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2021, 43(4): 715-724. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11779/CJGE202104014LI L Y, YANG J S, GAO C, et al. Simulation tests on structural deformation and seepage field of high-speed railway tunnels under drainage clogging[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2021, 43（4）: 715-724. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11779/CJGE202104014 [8] TIERNEY K, BRUNEAU M. Conceptualizing and measuring resilience: a key to disaster loss reduction[J]. TR News, 2007(250): 14-17. [9] AYYUB B M. Systems resilience for multihazard environments: definition, metrics, and valuation for decision making[J]. Risk Analysis, 2014, 34(2): 340-355. doi: 10.1111/risa.12093 [10] HUANG H W, ZHANG D M. Resilience analysis of shield tunnel lining under extreme surcharge: characterization and field application[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2016, 51: 301-312. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2015.10.044 [11] 林星涛, 陈湘生, 苏 栋, 等. 考虑多次扰动影响的盾构隧道结构韧性评估方法及其应用[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2022, 44(4): 591-601. (LIN X T, CHEN X S, SU D, et al. Evaluation method for resilience of shield tunnel linings considering multiple disturbances and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2022, 44(4): 591-601. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11779/CJGE202204001LIN X T, CHEN X S, SU D, et al. Evaluation method for resilience of shield tunnel linings considering multiple disturbances and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2022, 44（4）: 591-601. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11779/CJGE202204001 [12] 刘力英, 杨春山, 喻志远, 等. 附加荷载作用下隧道结构力学响应与韧性演化特征[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2024, 61(5): 167-173,233. (LIU L Y, YANG C S, YU Z Y, et al. Mechanical response and resilence evolution characteristics of tunnel structures under additional loads[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2024, 61(5): 167-173,233. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2024.05.018LIU L Y, YANG C S, YU Z Y, et al. Mechanical response and resilence evolution characteristics of tunnel structures under additional loads[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2024, 61（5）: 167-173,233. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2024.05.018 [13] 李正士. 化学侵蚀条件下隧道衬砌混凝土和排水病害的防治措施[J]. 铁道建筑技术, 2012(7): 90-93. (LI Z S. Chemical erosion under the conditions of tunnel lining concrete and drainage measures of defects prevention and treatment[J]. Railway Construction Technology, 2012(7): 90-93. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-4539.2012.07.024LI Z S. Chemical erosion under the conditions of tunnel lining concrete and drainage measures of defects prevention and treatment[J]. Railway Construction Technology, 2012（7）: 90-93. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-4539.2012.07.024 [14] 郑 楠. 环境侵蚀下水泥砂浆力学性能的试验研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳工业大学, 2008. (ZHENG N. Experimental study for cement mortar’s mechanical capability under environmental erosion[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang University of Technology, 2008. (in Chinese)ZHENG N. Experimental study for cement mortar’s mechanical capability under environmental erosion[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang University of Technology, 2008. (in Chinese) [15] 王少伟, 徐应莉, 徐 丛. 基于钙离子溶蚀量的水泥基材料耐久性试验[J]. 混凝土, 2021(11): 98-103. (WANG S W, XU Y L, XU C. Cement-based materials durability experiments based on calcium ion dissolution[J]. Concrete, 2021(11): 98-103. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-3550.2021.11.021WANG S W, XU Y L, XU C. Cement-based materials durability experiments based on calcium ion dissolution[J]. Concrete, 2021（11）: 98-103. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-3550.2021.11.021 [16] 刘禹阳, 沈安虎, 来弘鹏, 等. 不同区域环境公路隧道排水系统设计特征统计研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2023, 60(2): 28-37. (LIU Y Y, SHEN A H, LAI H P, et al. A statistical study on the design characteristics of highway tunnel drainage systems in different regional environments[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2023, 60(2): 28-37. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2023.02.004LIU Y Y, SHEN A H, LAI H P, et al. A statistical study on the design characteristics of highway tunnel drainage systems in different regional environments[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2023, 60（2）: 28-37. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2023.02.004 [17] 翟 明. 灰岩区隧道排水系统结晶堵塞规律研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆交通大学, 2016. (ZHAI M. Study on the Regularity of crystallization and blocking of tunnel drainage system in limestone area[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing Jiaotong University, 2016. (in Chinese)ZHAI M. Study on the Regularity of crystallization and blocking of tunnel drainage system in limestone area[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing Jiaotong University, 2016. (in Chinese) [18] 夏小明, 刘夏冰, 区国钊, 等. 广东高速公路隧道排水系统结晶堵塞分布及防治[J]. 广东交通职业技术学院学报, 2024, 23(2): 4-10. (XIA X M, LIU X B, OU G Z, et al. Crystallization clogging distribution and its prevention in drainage pipes of highway tunnels in Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Guangdong Communication Polytechnic, 2024, 23(2): 4-10. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8496.2024.02.003XIA X M, LIU X B, OU G Z, et al. Crystallization clogging distribution and its prevention in drainage pipes of highway tunnels in Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Guangdong Communication Polytechnic, 2024, 23（2）: 4-10. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8496.2024.02.003 [19] 李云安, 朱敦铭, 田 然, 等. 广东某高速公路隧道衬砌混凝土腐蚀成因与规律研究[J]. 安全与环境工程, 2024, 31(5): 38-50. (LI Y A, ZHU D M, TIAN R, et al. Study on the origins and laws of the concrete corrosion in a highway tunnel lining in Guangdong[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2024, 31(5): 38-50. (in Chinese)LI Y A, ZHU D M, TIAN R, et al. Study on the origins and laws of the concrete corrosion in a highway tunnel lining in Guangdong[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2024, 31（5）: 38-50. (in Chinese) [20] 钟文健, 蔡有信, 周 瑜, 等. 公路隧道排水系统防结晶养护策略[J]. 广东公路交通, 2023, 49(2): 49-54. (ZHONG W J, CAI Y X, ZHOU Y, et al. Study on anti-crystallization maintenance strategy of highway tunnel drainage system[J]. Guangdong Highway Communications, 2023, 49(2): 49-54. (in Chinese)ZHONG W J, CAI Y X, ZHOU Y, et al. Study on anti-crystallization maintenance strategy of highway tunnel drainage system[J]. Guangdong Highway Communications, 2023, 49（2）: 49-54. (in Chinese) [21] 马文镇, 张 豹, 张彦龙. 公路隧道排水系统结晶堵塞机理及处治措施[J]. 广东公路交通, 2021, 47(5): 52-56. (MA W Z, ZHANG B, ZHANG Y L. Study on crystallization blockage mechanism and treatment measures of highway tunnel drainage system[J]. Guangdong Highway Communications, 2021, 47(5): 52-56. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19776/j.gdgljt.2021-05-0052-05MA W Z, ZHANG B, ZHANG Y L. Study on crystallization blockage mechanism and treatment measures of highway tunnel drainage system[J]. Guangdong Highway Communications, 2021, 47（5）: 52-56. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19776/j.gdgljt.2021-05-0052-05 [22] 庞佳玮, 周 莹, 穆 松, 等. 隧道表面结晶和排水管堵塞原因分析及防治措施[J]. 混凝土, 2024(1): 186-192. (PANG J W, ZHOU Y, MU S, et al. Cause analysis and prevention measures of tunnel surface crystallization and drainage pipe blockage[J]. Concrete, 2024(1): 186-192. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-3550.2024.01.036PANG J W, ZHOU Y, MU S, et al. Cause analysis and prevention measures of tunnel surface crystallization and drainage pipe blockage[J]. Concrete, 2024（1）: 186-192. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-3550.2024.01.036 [23] 高何杰, 陈 胜, 吕建兵, 等. 灰岩隧道防化学结晶淤堵及新型可更换排水管研究[J]. 公路, 2022, 67(12): 403-406. (GAO H J, CHEN S, LYU J B, et al. Research on anti-chemical crystallization clogging and novel replaceable drainage pipes in limestone tunnels[J]. Highway, 2022, 67(12): 403-406. (in Chinese)GAO H J, CHEN S, LYU J B, et al. Research on anti-chemical crystallization clogging and novel replaceable drainage pipes in limestone tunnels[J]. Highway, 2022, 67(12): 403-406. (in Chinese) [24] 叶 飞, 田崇明, 赵 猛, 等. 云南某在建隧道排水管结晶堵塞病害初步探析[J]. 土木工程学报, 2020, 53(S1): 336-341. (YE F, TIAN C M, ZHAO M, et al. The disease of scaling and cloging in the drainage pipes of a tunnel under construction in Yunnan[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2020, 53(S1): 336-341. (in Chinese)YE F, TIAN C M, ZHAO M, et al. The disease of scaling and cloging in the drainage pipes of a tunnel under construction in Yunnan[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2020, 53（S1）: 336-341. (in Chinese) [25] 刘娟红, 邹 敏, 李 康, 等. 碳酸盐环境下水泥基材料性能劣化与腐蚀破坏的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(19): 88-96. (LIU J H, ZOU M, LI K, et al. Research progress on performance degradation and corrosion failure of cement-based materials in carbonate environment[J]. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(19): 88-96. (in Chinese)LIU J H, ZOU M, LI K, et al. Research progress on performance degradation and corrosion failure of cement-based materials in carbonate environment[J]. Materials Reports, 2023, 37（19）: 88-96. (in Chinese) [26] 胡欢欢, 左晓宝, 李向南, 等. 低速水流作用下水泥砂浆溶蚀特性研究[J]. 水利水运工程学报, 2019(1): 50-59. (HU H H, ZUO X B, LI X N, et al. Study on leaching characteristics of cement mortar under flowing water with low velocity[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2019(1): 50-59. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16198/j.cnki.1009-640X.2019.01.007HU H H, ZUO X B, LI X N, et al. Study on leaching characteristics of cement mortar under flowing water with low velocity[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2019（1）: 50-59. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16198/j.cnki.1009-640X.2019.01.007 [27] 张 丹. 侵蚀性二氧化碳作用下粉煤灰混凝土的力学与耐久性能分析[J]. 粉煤灰综合利用, 2021, 35(5): 88-92. (ZHANG D. Analysis for mechanics and durability of fly ash concrete under the action of corrosive carbon dioxide[J]. Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization, 2021, 35(5): 88-92. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19860/j.cnki.issn1005-8249.2021.05.016ZHANG D. Analysis for mechanics and durability of fly ash concrete under the action of corrosive carbon dioxide[J]. Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization, 2021, 35（5）: 88-92. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19860/j.cnki.issn1005-8249.2021.05.016 [28] 董 芸, 杨华全, 王 磊. 碳酸侵蚀条件下水泥基材料性能劣化试验研究[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2014, 17(5): 868-874. (DONG Y, YANG H Q, WANG L. Experimental study on property deterioration of cement-based materials under carbonic acid erosion[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2014, 17(5): 868-874. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2014.05.019DONG Y, YANG H Q, WANG L. Experimental study on property deterioration of cement-based materials under carbonic acid erosion[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2014, 17（5）: 868-874. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2014.05.019 [29] 宋振运. 混凝土析钙侵蚀机理试验研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳建筑大学, 2020. (SONG Z Y. Experimental study on erosion mechanism of concrete calcium evolution[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Jianzhu University, 2020. (in Chinese)SONG Z Y. Experimental study on erosion mechanism of concrete calcium evolution[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Jianzhu University, 2020. (in Chinese) [30] 李明韬. 偏高岭土−蔗渣灰−硅酸盐水泥三元体系设计及抗碳酸水研究[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2023. (LI M T. Study on hydration and carbonate water corrosion resistance of metakaolin-sugarcane bagasse ash-Portland cement ternary system[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2023. (in Chinese)LI M T. Study on hydration and carbonate water corrosion resistance of metakaolin-sugarcane bagasse ash-Portland cement ternary system[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2023. (in Chinese) [31] 郭高峰. 侵蚀性CO2对水泥基材料的腐蚀特性研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2012. (GUO G F. Study on corrosion characters of cement-based materials in aggressive CO2 environment[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2012. (in Chinese)GUO G F. Study on corrosion characters of cement-based materials in aggressive CO2 environment[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2012. (in Chinese) [32] 李 康, 邹 敏, 王 希, 等. 碳酸水环境下隧道水泥基材料的抗侵蚀特性[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2024, 27(5): 408-417. (LI K, ZOU M, WANG X, et al. Erosion characteristics of tunnel cement-based materials in carbonated water[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2024, 27(5): 408-417. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2024.05.004LI K, ZOU M, WANG X, et al. Erosion characteristics of tunnel cement-based materials in carbonated water[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2024, 27（5）: 408-417. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2024.05.004 [33] 陈鸿雁. 统计学[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2021. (CHEN H Y. Statistics[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2021. (in Chinese)CHEN H Y. Statistics[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2021. (in Chinese) [34] 刘 昌. 隧道衬砌结构服役力学性能演化机理研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2023. (LIU C. Study on the evolution mechanism of service mechanical performance of tunnel lining structure[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2023. (in Chinese)LIU C. Study on the evolution mechanism of service mechanical performance of tunnel lining structure[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2023. (in Chinese) [35] 刘 昌, 张顶立, 张素磊, 等. 考虑围岩流变及衬砌劣化特性的隧道长期服役性能解析[J]. 岩土力学, 2021, 42(10): 2795-2807. (LIU C, ZHANG D L, ZHANG S L, et al. Analytical solution of the long-term service performance of tunnel considering surrounding rock rheology and lining deterioration characteristics[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2021, 42(10): 2795-2807. (in Chinese)LIU C, ZHANG D L, ZHANG S L, et al. Analytical solution of the long-term service performance of tunnel considering surrounding rock rheology and lining deterioration characteristics[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2021, 42（10）: 2795-2807. (in Chinese) [36] 中华人民共和国交通运输部. 公路隧道设计规范 第一册 土建工程: JTG 3370.1—2018[S]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2019. (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. Specifications for design of highway tunnels section 1 civil engineering: JTG 3370.1—2018[S]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2019. (in Chinese)Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. Specifications for design of highway tunnels section 1 civil engineering: JTG 3370.1—2018[S]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2019. (in Chinese) [37] 贾俊平, 何晓群, 金勇进. 统计学[M]. 7版. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 2018. (JIA J P, HE X Q, JIN Y J. Statistics[M]. 7th ed. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2018. (in Chinese)JIA J P, HE X Q, JIN Y J. Statistics[M]. 7th ed. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2018. (in Chinese) [38] 朱 旻, 陈湘生, 夏长青, 等. 地面堆载下盾构隧道结构韧性演化规律研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2024, 46(1): 35-44. (ZHU M, CHEN X S, XIA C Q, et al. Resilience evolution of shield tunnel structures under ground surcharge[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2024, 46(1): 35-44. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11779/CJGE20221258ZHU M, CHEN X S, XIA C Q, et al. Resilience evolution of shield tunnel structures under ground surcharge[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2024, 46（1）: 35-44. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11779/CJGE20221258 -
图(14) / 表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 31
- HTML全文浏览量: 20
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
