水−盐作用下粉质黏土电阻率特征研究

韩海龙; 陈琳

doi:10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2025-0090

水−盐作用下粉质黏土电阻率特征研究

doi: 10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2025-0090

韩海龙,
陈琳

北京得力合科技集团有限公司，北京　100025

详细信息

作者简介:
韩海龙，男，1988年生，工程师，主要从事水工环地质和岩土工程勘察方面的研究工作。E-mail：296702820@qq.com

中图分类号: TU411
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-01
- 修回日期: 2025-05-11
- 录用日期: 2025-06-26
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-08
- 刊出日期: 2026-06-08

Characterization of electrical resistivity of silty clay under water−salt interaction

Beijing Delhi Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100025, China

摘要

摘要: 厘清水分和盐分影响下的粉质黏土电学性能演化规律，有助于扩大黏性土地区的岩土工程勘察技术的野外应用范围和提升综合地球物理勘探方法的准确性。针对粉质黏土区的电性特征需求，本研究系统考察了水−盐作用对粉质黏土电阻率特征的影响。试验选用采自山西省临汾市的粉质黏土样本，采用数字电桥探测仪器对试样在100～10000 Hz频率范围内进行电阻率测试，控制含水量为8%～18%、含盐量为0%～6%。结果表明：电阻率随含水量增大呈指数下降，以塑限附近为转折点；随着含盐量增大，电阻率先快速下降后趋于平稳；电阻率随测试频率升高而降低；在较干燥状态下，电阻率对盐分变化更为敏感。基于土体固−液−气三相导电通路模型和扩散双电层结构，对上述规律进行了机理分析。研究结果可为粉质黏土区的电法勘探与电性参数识别提供基础依据，对提高电法探测精度具有重要意义。
- 粉质黏土 /
- 电阻率 /
- 含水量 /
- 含盐量 /
- 双电层
Abstract: Clarifying the evolution of electrical properties of silty clay under the influence of moisture and salinity is essential for expanding the field application of geotechnical investigation technologies in cohesive soil areas of northern China and improving the accuracy of integrated geophysical exploration methods. Aiming at the demand for electrical characterization in silty clay regions, this study systematically investigates the effects of water-salt interaction on the resistivity characteristics of silty clay. Laboratory tests were conducted on silty clay samples collected from Linfen, Shanxi Province, using a digital bridge instrument over a frequency range of 100～10000 Hz. Water content was controlled between 8% and 18%, and salt content ranged from 0% to 6%. The results show that the soil resistivity decreases exponentially with increasing water content, with an inflection point near the plastic limit. As salt content increases, resistivity first decreases rapidly and then tends to stabilize. Resistivity decreases with increasing frequency, and its sensitivity to salinity is more pronounced under low water content conditions. The observed trends were interpreted based on a solid-liquid-gas three-phase conductive path model and the diffuse double layer structure of clay. The findings provide a theoretical basis for electrical prospecting and electrical parameter identification in silty clay regions, which is of significance for enhancing the precision of resistivity-based geophysical methods.
- silty clay /
- electrical resistivity /
- water content /
- salt content /
- double diffuse layer

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图 1 试验用土粒径级配曲线

Figure 1. Particle size distribution of the tested soil

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图 2 电阻率测试设备

Figure 2. Test equipment for the electrical resistivity

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图 3 不同含盐量条件下含水量对电阻率的影响

Figure 3. Effect of water content on electrical resistivity under different salt content conditions

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图 4 含水量作用下的归一化电阻率

Figure 4. Normalized electrical resistivity under the influence of water content

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图 5 不同含水量条件下含盐量对电阻率的影响

Figure 5. Effect of salt content on electrical resistivity under different water content conditions

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图 6 含盐量作用下的归一化电阻率

Figure 6. Normalized electrical resistivity under the influence of salt content

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图 7 土体三通道导电模型

Figure 7. Three-channel conduction model of soil mass

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图 8 基于三相结构的土体导电模型

Figure 8. Conductive model of soil based on three-phase structures

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图 9 黏性土扩散双层结构分子示意图

Figure 9. Molecular model of diffuse double layers structure for clay

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表 1 试验用土的物理力学指标

Table 1. Basic properties of the tested soil

密度 /(g∙cm⁻³)	含水量/%	孔隙比	比重	饱和度 /%	液限 /%	塑限 /%
1.51	6.2	0.826	2.71	27.6	25.1	16.1

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表 2 试验用土的化学组分

Table 2. Chemicial components of the tested soil %

SiO₂	Al₂O₂	CaO	Fe₂O₃	MgO	K₂O
54.04	11.26	8.67	4.95	1.65	1.49

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表 3 试验用土的矿物组分

Table 3. Mineral components of the tested soil %

石英	伊利石	绿泥石	钠长石	方解石	蒙脱石
28	22	17	12	9	5

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表 4 试验方案设计

Table 4. Experimental program design

序号	含水量/%	含盐量/%	序号	含水量/%	含盐量/%
1	8	0	13	14	0
2	8	2	14	14	2
3	8	4	15	14	4
4	8	6	16	14	6
5	10	0	17	16	0
6	10	2	18	16	2
7	10	4	19	16	4
8	10	6	20	16	6
9	12	0	21	18	0
10	12	2	22	18	2
11	12	4	23	18	4
12	12	6	24	18	6

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