Experimental study on safety failure of clay subgrade filler under vibration-shear coupling subjected to traffic loads
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摘要: 长期交通荷载作用下，山区高速公路黏土路基易因内部初始损伤扩展形成剪切带，进而引发突发失稳灾害。为揭示含损伤路基的动力剪切破坏特性，采用多功能土体−结构物界面循环剪切试验仪，通过预制剪切面模拟路基原生缺陷，重点探究了交通荷载频率、路基土含水率及法向应力幅值对剪切安全性能的影响规律。结果表明：荷载频率增加会小幅提升下峰值剪切应力，但显著增大了其对应的剪切位移；含水率变化对下峰值剪切应力的影响呈先降后升的非单调趋势，低含水率下观察到明显的应力弱化现象；法向应力幅值的增大则能显著增强下峰值剪切应力。上、下峰值剪切应力差Δτ随剪切位移呈“上凸型”增长，并在大位移阶段随频率升高而减小；同时，Δτ随含水率及法向应力的增加表现出显著的指数增长特性。上、下峰值状态对应的等效内摩擦角范围分别为23°～45°和15°～40°，且均随法向应力幅值的增加而增大。研究成果可为路基动力失稳预警及安全评估提供数据支撑。Abstract: Under long-term traffic loading, the clay subgrade of mountainous highways is prone to form shear bands due to the expansion of internal initial damage, which can subsequently trigger sudden instability disasters. To reveal the dynamic shear failure characteristics of damaged subgrades, this study employs a multifunctional soil-structure interface cyclic shear tester. By simulating the original defects of the subgrade with prefabricated shear surfaces, the study focuses on investigating the influence of traffic loading frequency, subgrade soil moisture content, and normal stress amplitude on shear safety performance. The results indicate that an increase in loading frequency slightly enhances the peak shear stress but significantly increases its corresponding shear displacement. The effect of moisture content on the peak shear stress exhibits a non-monotonic trend, decreasing first and then increasing. A notable stress weakening phenomenon is observed at low moisture content. An increase in normal stress amplitude significantly enhances the peak shear stress. The difference between the upper and lower peak shear stresses (Δτ) increases in an “upward convex” manner with shear displacement, and decreases with increasing frequency during the large displacement stage. Additionally, Δτ exhibits a significant exponential growth characteristic with the increase of water content and normal stress. The equivalent internal friction angles corresponding to the upper and lower peak states range from 23° to 45° and 15° to 40°, respectively, and both increase with the increase of normal stress amplitude. The research findings can provide data support for early warning of subgrade dynamic instability and safety enhancement.
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图 5 不同荷载频率下剪切应力−剪切位移关系
Figure 5. Shear stress−shear displacement relationship under different loading frequencies
图 6 不同荷载频率下差值Δτ的变化规律
Figure 6. The variation law of the difference ∆τ under different load frequencies
图 7 不同含水率下剪切应力−剪切位移关系
Figure 7. Shear stress−shear displacement relationship under different water contents
图 8 不同含水率下差值Δτ的变化规律
Figure 8. The change rule of difference ∆τ under different water content
图 9 不同法向应力幅值下剪切应力−剪切位移关系
Figure 9. Shear stress−shear displacement relationship under different normal stress amplitudes
图 10 不同法向应力幅值下差值Δτ的变化规律
Figure 10. The variation law of difference ∆τ under different normal stress amplitudes
图 13 $ \varphi _{\text{P}}^{*}/\varphi _{\text{T}}^{*} $的确定
Figure 13. Determination of $ \varphi _{\text{P}}^{*}/\varphi _{\text{T}}^{*} $
表 1 试验土体物理参数
Table 1. Test soil physical parameters
液限/% 塑限/% 塑性指数 最佳含水率/% 最大干密度/(g∙cm−3) 32.27 15.06 17.21 14.45 1.962 
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表 2 试验方案
Table 2. Test plan
荷载频率/Hz 含水率/% 法向应力幅值/kPa 0.5 10 10 30 60 15 10 30 60 20 10 30 60 1 10 10 30 60 15 10 30 60 20 10 30 60 2 10 10 30 60 15 10 30 60 20 10 30 60
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