低温蠕变工况下硫酸盐渍土的长期强度研究

陈志斌; 张卫兵; 王展展; 张晓玲

doi:10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2025-0224

低温蠕变工况下硫酸盐渍土的长期强度研究

doi: 10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2025-0224

陈志斌^1,,
张卫兵^{1, 2, ,},
王展展¹,
张晓玲¹

1.
宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院，宁夏银川　750021
2.
宁夏大学旱区现代农业水源高效利用教育部工程研究中心，宁夏银川　750021

基金项目: 宁夏自然科学基金项目（2024AAC03070）；宁夏高等学校一流学科建设（国内一流建设学科）项目（NXYLXK2024A03）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈志斌，男，2000年生，在读硕士研究生，主要从事特殊土性状及工程应用研究。E-mail：485177063@qq.com

通讯作者:
张卫兵，男，1973年生，博士，教授，主要从事土力学与基础工程方向的教学与研究。E-mail：zwb231@126.com

中图分类号: TU448
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-23
- 修回日期: 2025-08-05
- 录用日期: 2025-08-25
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-08
- 刊出日期: 2026-06-08

Long-term strength of sulfate saline soil under low-temperature creep conditions

1.
College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
2.
Engineering Research Center Funded by Ministry of Education for Effective Utilization of Water Resources in Modern Agriculture in Arid Areas, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China

摘要

摘要: 为揭示低温蠕变下硫酸盐渍土长期强度演化规律，以宁夏红寺堡地区硫酸盐渍土为对象，采用KTL-LDF-5型三轴仪开展系列低温三轴蠕变试验（温度T = −1 ～ −15 ℃，含盐量S = 0 ～ 5%，围压100 kPa），结合稳态蠕变速率法分析长期强度特性。结果表明：（1）蠕变曲线随偏应力呈阶梯状上升，经历瞬时、衰减及稳定三阶段；（2）盐−冻胀耦合效应主导蠕变行为，T > −5 ℃时盐胀效应显著，含盐量越高，蠕变越大；T ≤ −10 ℃时冻胀填充增强稳定性，含盐量越高，蠕变越小。（3）整体而言，在低温蠕变工况下，不同含盐量下试样的长期强度值随着温度的降低而升高。除T = −1 ℃时，随含盐量增大，长期强度呈轻微下降趋势外，其他含盐量条件下均以2%含盐量为界呈现为折线增大趋势，其中−5 ℃时，呈先减小后增大的变化趋势，在2%含盐量时达到最小值；−10 ℃呈现先缓慢增长，后增长速率较快；−15 ℃则表现为先增大后趋于稳定的变化趋势。并且，含盐土体的强度要高于不含盐土体。该研究可为硫酸盐渍土地区的工程建设提供参考。
- 硫酸盐渍土 /
- 稳态蠕变速率法 /
- 低温 /
- 长期强度 /
- 三轴蠕变试验
Abstract: To reveal the long-term strength evolution of sulfate saline soil under low-temperature creep, a series of low-temperature triaxial creep tests were conducted on sulfate saline soil from Hongsibu, Ningxia, using a KTL-LDF-5 triaxial apparatus (temperature T = −1 ～ −15 ℃, salt content S = 0～5%, confining pressure 100 kPa). The steady-state creep rate method was used to analyze the long-term strength characteristics. The results show that: (1) Creep curves exhibit a step-like increase with deviatoric stress, progressing through instantaneous, decaying, and stable stages. (2) The salt-frost heave coupling effect dominates creep behavior. At T > −5 ℃, salt expansion is significant, and higher salt content leads to greater creep deformation. At T ≤ −10 ℃, frost heave filling enhances stability, and higher salt content results in smaller creep deformation. (3) Overall, under low-temperature creep conditions, the long-term strength values of specimens with different salt contents increase as temperature decreases. Except at T = −1 ℃, where the long-term strength shows a slight decreasing trend with increasing salt content, the long-term strength exhibits a piecewise increasing trend with 2% salt content as the boundary under other salt content conditions. Specifically: At T = −5 ℃, the strength decreases first and then increases, reaching a minimum at 2% salt content. At T = −10 ℃, it shows a slow initial increase followed by a faster rate of increase. At T = −15 ℃, it initially increases and then tends to stabilize. Furthermore, the strength of the saline soil is higher than that of the non-saline soil. This study can provide a reference for engineering construction in sulfate saline soil areas.
- sulphate saline soil /
- steady-state creep rate method /
- low temperature /
- long-term strength /
- triaxial creep test

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图 1 试验设备原理示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of test equipment principle

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图 2 围压100 kPa时不同温度下试样的蠕变全过程曲线

Figure 2. Creep process curves of specimens under different temperatures at confining pressure of 100 kPa

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图 3 含盐量S = 2%时不同荷载及温度下试样轴向应变–时间的关系曲线

Figure 3. Axial strain–time relationship curves of specimens under different loads and temperatures at salt content S = 2%

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图 4 S = 2%，T = −1 ℃时试样的稳态蠕变速率–偏应力曲线

Figure 4. Steady-state creep rate–deviatoric stress curve of specimen at S = 2% and T = −1 ℃

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图 5 不同试验条件下的长期强度

Figure 5. Long-term strength under different test conditions

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图 6 T = −5 ℃条件下的SEM图片

Figure 6. SEM images under T =−5 ℃ condition

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表 1 颗粒组成

Table 1. Particle composition

粒径/mm	>2	2～0.25	0.25～0.075	0.075～0.05	<0.05
占比/%	11.86	6.37	49.07	12.68	20.02

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表 2 易溶盐离子含量

Table 2. Soluble salt ion content

离子	CO₃²⁻	HCO₃⁻	CI⁻	SO₄²⁻	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺	Na⁺
含量/（g∙kg⁻¹）	0.036	0.161	3.607	5.608	0.612	0.455	0.077	6.7

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表 3 三轴蠕变试验工况表

Table 3. Triaxial creep test conditions

温度T/℃	含盐量S/%	围压σ₃/kPa	荷载P/kPa
−1	0，2，5	100	50，100，150，200
−5	0，2，5	100	50，100，150，200
−10	0，2，5	100	50，100，150，200
−15	0，2，5	100	50，100，150，200
注：每个工况设置2组平行试验（n=2），如−1 ℃、2%含盐量条件下，200 kPa荷载的轴向应变终值分别为0.99%和0.96%，相对误差<3%，取平均值作为结果。

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表 4 不同试验条件下的拟合关系式和长期强度值

Table 4. Fitting relationships and long-term strength values under different test conditions

含盐量S/%	温度T/℃	拟合关系式	拟合度R²	长期强度/kPa
0	−1	$y = 4.96 \times {10^{ - 9}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/47}} + 1.76 \times {10^{ - 7}}$	0.99	1081
	−5	$y = 3.1 \times {10^{ - 7}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/77}} + 4.2 \times {10^{ - 7}}$	0.99	1488
	−10	$y = 7.76 \times {10^{ - 7}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/98.6}} + 6.2 \times {10^{ - 7}}$	0.98	1840
	−15	$y = 5.67 \times {10^{ - 7}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/125}} + 6.7 \times {10^{ - 8}}$	0.98	2114
2	−1	$y = 2.1 \times {10^{ - 9}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/43}} + 1.7 \times {10^{ - 7}}$	0.99	1021
	−5	$y = 1.6 \times {10^{ - 7}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/60.65}} + 1.93 \times {10^{ - 7}}$	0.99	1198
	−10	$y = 3.0 \times {10^{ - 8}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/86.4}} + 8.1 \times {10^{ - 8}}$	0.99	1881
	−15	$y = 5.3 \times {10^{ - 7}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/123}} - 3.7 \times {10^{ - 7}}$	0.99	2369
5	−1	$y = 6.97 \times {10^{ - 9}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/44.66}} + 1.44 \times {10^{ - 7}}$	0.99	1008
	−5	$y = 4.95 \times {10^{ - 6}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/91.75}} + 4.34 \times {10^{ - 5}}$	0.99	1535
	−10	$y = 4.18 \times {10^{ - 8}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/99.61}} + 2.04 \times {10^{ - 7}}$	0.99	2150
	−15	$y = 9.52 \times {10^{ - 7}} \cdot {{\rm{e}}^{x/127.4}} - 4.16 \times {10^{ - 7}}$	0.98	2387

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