岩溶地区灌注桩施工与承载性能研究发展综述

刘占龙; 刘波; 楚辉; 苏朝

doi:10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2025-0277

岩溶地区灌注桩施工与承载性能研究发展综述

doi: 10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2025-0277

刘占龙^1,,
刘波^{2, 3, ,},
楚辉¹,
苏朝¹

1.
中交第三公路工程局有限公司，北京　100000
2.
南京林业大学土木工程学院，江苏南京　210037
3.
江苏省城市地下空间开发利用与安全防护工程研究中心，江苏南京　210041

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52208334）；中交第三公路工程局有限公司科研项目（JZ-SGPG-0617-2024-0001）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘占龙，男，1972年生，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事土木工程施工与管理工作。E-mail：LZL1536@126.com

通讯作者:
刘　波，男，1989年生，博士，副教授，主要从事岩土工程方面的科研工作。E-mail：boliu@njfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU473
计量
- 文章访问数: 52
- HTML全文浏览量: 20
- PDF下载量: 10
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-06-21
- 修回日期: 2025-09-12
- 录用日期: 2025-11-11
- 网络出版日期: 2026-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2026-10-08

Construction technique and bearing performance of bored pile in karst areas: a review

LIU Zhanlong^1
,,
LIU Bo^{2, 3
, ,},
CHU Hui¹,
SU Chao¹

1.
CCCC Third Highway Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China
2.
College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
3.
Jiangsu Urban Underground Space Development & Utilization and Safety Protection Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210041, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 灌注桩具有适用性广、承载力高、施工相对便捷等优点，被广泛应用于岩溶地区的基础工程。然而，由于岩溶地区地质环境复杂、地层存在溶洞、溶蚀裂隙及不均匀的岩面起伏等问题，灌注桩的施工质量与承载性能受到较大影响。在系统调研国内外相关文献的基础上，结合岩溶地区灌注桩工程实际情况，围绕岩溶地貌特征、灌注桩施工技术、施工质量控制方法、承载力预测与评估技术等方面进行综合分析与评述，并探讨岩溶地区灌注桩工程的未来发展趋势，为岩溶地区桩基工程提供参考与借鉴。
- 岩溶 /
- 灌注桩 /
- 施工技术 /
- 质量控制 /
- 承载特性
Abstract: Bored piles have been widely applied in foundation engineering in karst areas due to their advantages of broad applicability, high bearing capacity, and relatively convenient construction. However, the complex geological environment in karst regions—characterized by karst caves, dissolution fractures, and uneven bedrock surfaces—significantly affects the construction quality and bearing performance of bored piles. Based on a systematic review of domestic and international literature and combined with the practical engineering conditions in karst areas, this paper comprehensively analyzes and reviews the geomorphological characteristics of karst landforms, bored pile construction techniques, construction quality control methods, and bearing capacity prediction and evaluation technologies. Furthermore, the future development trends of bored pile engineering in karst areas are discussed, aiming to provide valuable references and insights for pile foundation engineering in similar geological conditions.
- karst /
- bored pile /
- construction technology /
- quality control /
- bearing capacity

HTML全文

图 1 岩溶发育示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of karst landform

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 灌注桩施工过程示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of construction process of cast-in-place pile

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 常用成孔设备示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of common drilling equipment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 桩基智能施工技术框架

Figure 4. Technical framework for intelligent construction of pile foundation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 桩基承载力数值计算模型

Figure 5. Numerical model of bearing capacity of pile foundation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 桩基静载试验示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of static loading test of pile foundation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 桩基自平衡检测示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of Oseberg-cell test of pile foundation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 桩基低应变反射波法检测示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of low strain reflected wave method for pile detection

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 桩基声波透射法检测示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of acoustic wave transmission method for pile detection

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 常用的防塌孔方法对比

Table 1. Comparison of hole collapse prevention methods

方法	经济性评价	适用场景
泥浆护壁	低成本，普遍采用	一般岩溶地层，涌水量不大
套管护壁	中等成本，钢材消耗大	溶蚀裂隙发育、局部破碎带
全套管成孔	成本高，机械设备昂贵	深厚富水、极易坍塌的岩溶地段
注浆充填	成本视溶洞规模而定	存在大溶洞或强渗水裂隙区
冻结法	极高成本，不常用	特殊高风险、常规手段无效地段

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 高压注浆技术参数

Table 2. Technical parameters of high pressure grouting

类别	技术参数范围
注浆压力	一般0.5～3.0 MPa，常用1.0～2.0 MPa；浅层溶洞或围岩破碎区宜采用低压（≤1.0 MPa）；较深部、顶板厚实的溶洞，可提高至 2.0～3.0 MPa
注浆材料与配比	常用水泥浆、水泥−水玻璃浆、水泥−膨润土浆等；水灰质量比：0.5～1.0，为增加稳定性可掺加膨润土（3%～8%）或减水剂；对于快速固结或止水要求高的溶洞，常配合速凝剂（如硅酸钠、早强剂）
注浆量与扩散半径	需根据溶洞规模和渗透条件确定，注浆量每延米孔长一般为 0.2～0.6 m³；扩散半径通常为 1.0～3.0 m，局部可达 5 m，需试注确定
工艺与顺序	多采用分段分级注浆，由低压小流量起注，逐步升压；孔段长度一般 1.0～2.0 m，逐段加密，形成“自下而上”的注浆屏障

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(60)

[1]	彭都, 刘伟, 赵福玉, 等. 昆明轨道交通岩溶专项勘察手段及方法[J]. 隧道建设(中英文), 2019, 39(S2): 269-282. (PENG D, LIU W, ZHAO F Y, et al. Special investigation means and methods of karst of Kunming rail transit[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2019, 39(S2): 269-282. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2019.S2.035 PENG D, LIU W, ZHAO F Y, et al. Special investigation means and methods of karst of Kunming rail transit[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2019, 39（S2）: 269-282. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2019.S2.035
[2]	王家全, 朱存金, 李磊. 岩溶地区冲孔灌注桩质量检测和缺陷处理[J]. 工业建筑, 2012, 42(12): 146-150. (WANG J Q, ZHU C J, LI L. Quality test and defect treatment of percussion drilling bored pile in karst areas[J]. Industrial Construction, 2012, 42(12): 146-150. (in Chinese) WANG J Q, ZHU C J, LI L. Quality test and defect treatment of percussion drilling bored pile in karst areas[J]. Industrial Construction, 2012, 42（12）: 146-150. (in Chinese)
[3]	朱佩宁, 宋亚亚, 齐昌广, 等. 岩溶地区嵌岩灌注桩承载性状试验研究[J]. 人民长江, 2020, 51(7): 200-205. (ZHU P N, SONG Y Y, QI C G, et al. Experimental research on bearing characteristics of rock-socket pile in Karst area[J]. Yangtze River, 2020, 51(7): 200-205. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16232/j.cnki.1001-4179.2020.07.034 ZHU P N, SONG Y Y, QI C G, et al. Experimental research on bearing characteristics of rock-socket pile in Karst area[J]. Yangtze River, 2020, 51（7）: 200-205. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16232/j.cnki.1001-4179.2020.07.034
[4]	王家全, 朱庆盛, 刘垒雷, 等. 岩溶地质旋挖灌注桩成孔工艺及其基桩质量控制研究[J]. 施工技术, 2014, 43(19): 17-19,38. (WANG J Q, ZHU Q S, LIU L L, et al. Research on the pore-forming technology of rotary digging cast-in-place pile and quality control in karst area[J]. Construction Technology, 2014, 43(19): 17-19,38. (in Chinese) WANG J Q, ZHU Q S, LIU L L, et al. Research on the pore-forming technology of rotary digging cast-in-place pile and quality control in karst area[J]. Construction Technology, 2014, 43（19）: 17-19,38. (in Chinese)
[5]	侯振坤, 刘宇鹏, 凌造, 等. 岩溶区桩基承载特性研究综述[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2024, 24(11): 4369-4379. (HOU Z K, LIU Y P, LING Z, et al. Review of research progress on bearing characteristics and key disposal techniques of pile foundation in karst area[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(11): 4369-4379. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2301477 HOU Z K, LIU Y P, LING Z, et al. Review of research progress on bearing characteristics and key disposal techniques of pile foundation in karst area[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24（11）: 4369-4379. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2301477
[6]	汪进超, 王彦明, 徐书名, 等. 定向声波扫描在孔周隐伏溶洞探测中的应用[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2025, 33(6): 1759-1767. (WANG J C, WANG Y M, XU S M, et al. Application of directional acoustic scanning in detecting hidden karst caves around borehole[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2025, 33(6): 1759-1767. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16058/j.issn.1005-0930.2025.06.017 WANG J C, WANG Y M, XU S M, et al. Application of directional acoustic scanning in detecting hidden karst caves around borehole[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2025, 33（6）: 1759-1767. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16058/j.issn.1005-0930.2025.06.017
[7]	何世茂, 鹿磊, 胡艳玲. 岩溶地区基础选型分析和工程应用[J]. 建筑结构, 2022, 52(S1): 2368-2372. (HE S M, LU L, HU Y L. Analysis and engineering application of foundation selection in karst area[J]. Building Structure, 2022, 52(S1): 2368-2372. (in Chinese) HE S M, LU L, HU Y L. Analysis and engineering application of foundation selection in karst area[J]. Building Structure, 2022, 52（S1）: 2368-2372. (in Chinese)
[8]	曹强, 周金. 综合超前地质预报技术在复杂岩溶隧道的应用[J]. 铁道建筑技术, 2020(11): 146-150,172. (CAO Q, ZHOU J. Application of comprehensive advanced geology forecast technology in complex karst tunnel[J]. Railway Construction Technology, 2020(11): 146-150,172. (in Chinese) CAO Q, ZHOU J. Application of comprehensive advanced geology forecast technology in complex karst tunnel[J]. Railway Construction Technology, 2020（11）: 146-150,172. (in Chinese)
[9]	张龙起, 陈景, 曲朝雷. 唐山岩溶区桩基施工中几个问题的分析与探讨[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2011, 33(S1): 325-330. (ZHANG L Q, CHEN J, QU C L. Analysis and discussion of several issues of pile foundation construction in karst region of Tangshan[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, 33(S1): 325-330. (in Chinese) ZHANG L Q, CHEN J, QU C L. Analysis and discussion of several issues of pile foundation construction in karst region of Tangshan[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, 33（S1）: 325-330. (in Chinese)
[10]	李春景, 刘爱娟. 岩溶地区大直径钻孔桩施工技术[J]. 世界桥梁, 2006(2): 35-37. (LI C J, LIU A J. Construction techniques for large diameter bored piles in karst district[J]. World Bridges, 2006(2): 35-37. (in Chinese) LI C J, LIU A J. Construction techniques for large diameter bored piles in karst district[J]. World Bridges, 2006（2）: 35-37. (in Chinese)
[11]	彭柏兴, 贾永生, 王会云, 等. 深厚填土下复杂岩溶场地大直径桩桩基勘察与施工措施[J]. 建筑结构, 2021, 51(S1): 2315-2319. (PENG B X, JIA Y S, WANG H Y, et al. Counter measures and survey for large-diameter pile foundation in complex karst site under deep and thick filling[J]. Building Structure, 2021, 51(S1): 2315-2319. (in Chinese) PENG B X, JIA Y S, WANG H Y, et al. Counter measures and survey for large-diameter pile foundation in complex karst site under deep and thick filling[J]. Building Structure, 2021, 51（S1）: 2315-2319. (in Chinese)
[12]	HILTUNEN D R, CRAMER B J. Application of seismic refraction tomography in karst terrane[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2008, 134(7): 938-948. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:7(938)
[13]	LIU L, SHI Z M, PENG M, et al. Numerical modeling for karst cavity sonar detection beneath bored cast in situ pile using 3D staggered grid finite difference method[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2018, 82: 50-65. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2018.07.034
[14]	PAN C W, ZHANG G C, CHEN S, et al. Study on detection of the bearing stratum integrity of bored pile based on transient electromagnetic method[J]. Geofluids, 2022, 2022: 2583113.
[15]	LIU X, PAN C W, ZHENG F K, et al. Transient electromagnetic 1‐dimensional inversion based on the quantum particle swarms optimization‐smooth constrained least squares joint algorithm and its application in karst exploration[J]. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2022, 2022: 1555877. doi: 10.1155/2022/1555877
[16]	LIU L, SHI Z M, LI S J, et al. A system for inspecting karst voids during construction of cast-in-place pile foundations[J]. Engineering Geology, 2023, 320: 107124. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107124
[17]	LIU L, SHI Z M, TSOFLIAS G P, et al. Detection of karst cavity beneath cast-in-place pile using the instantaneous phase difference of two receiver recordings[J]. Geophysics, 2021, 86(1): EN27-EN38. doi: 10.1190/geo2020-0082.1
[18]	覃羡安, 王小锋. BIM技术在隐伏溶洞复杂空间形态三维可视化中的应用[J]. 桂林理工大学学报, 2017, 37(3): 412-416. (QIN X A, WANG X F. Application of BIM technology to 3-D visualization complex spatial morphology of concealed karst caverns[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Technology, 2017, 37(3): 412-416. (in Chinese) QIN X A, WANG X F. Application of BIM technology to 3-D visualization complex spatial morphology of concealed karst caverns[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Technology, 2017, 37（3）: 412-416. (in Chinese)
[19]	TRAN K T, MIRZANEJAD M, HORHOTA D, et al. Imaging of voids beyond boring depth with 3D SPT-seismic full-waveform tomography[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2024, 220: 105256. doi: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2023.105256
[20]	WANG Z N, ZHU T Y. Characterizing fractured zones in urban karst geology using leaky surface waves from distributed acoustic sensing[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2025, 130(7): e2025JB031477. doi: 10.1029/2025JB031477
[21]	GONDWE B R N, OTTOWITZ D, SUPPER R, et al. Regional-scale airborne electromagnetic surveying of the Yucatan karst aquifer (Mexico): geological and hydrogeological interpretation[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2012, 20(7): 1407-1425. doi: 10.1007/s10040-012-0877-8
[22]	SUN H F, ZHANG N Y, LI D R, et al. The first semi-airborne transient electromagnetic survey for tunnel investigation in very complex terrain areas[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2023, 132: 104893. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2022.104893
[23]	BENI T, BORSELLI D, BONECHI L, et al. Use of muon imaging for enhanced reconstruction of underground cavities and associated stability conditions at a historical mining site[J]. Engineering Geology, 2025, 353: 108141. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108141
[24]	BALÁZS L, HAMAR G, CSICSEK Á, et al. Detection of fractured zones, faults, and cavities by high resolution muon tomography in the Buda Hills[J]. Scientific Reports, 2025, 15(1): 17514. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-02510-0
[25]	鲍庆伟, 高杰, 张书良, 等. 复杂岩溶地区超大径超长桩旋挖钻入岩施工技术[J]. 世界桥梁, 2017, 45(4): 41-45. (BAO Q W, GAO J, ZHANG S L, et al. Construction technique of driving very-long and large-diameter piles by rotary drilling in complex karst region[J]. World Bridges, 2017, 45(4): 41-45. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7767.2017.04.009 BAO Q W, GAO J, ZHANG S L, et al. Construction technique of driving very-long and large-diameter piles by rotary drilling in complex karst region[J]. World Bridges, 2017, 45（4）: 41-45. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7767.2017.04.009
[26]	苏斌. 岩溶地区钻(挖)孔施工技术[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2004, 23(S2): 5240-5243. (SU B. Construction technology of drilled (dug) holes in karst terrain[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 23(S2): 5240-5243. (in Chinese) doi: 10.14189/j.cnki.cm1981.2025.12.051 SU B. Construction technology of drilled (dug) holes in karst terrain[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 23（S2）: 5240-5243. (in Chinese) doi: 10.14189/j.cnki.cm1981.2025.12.051
[27]	郭恒, 袁啸岩, 李金强, 等. 岩溶地区散土−硬岩复杂地层降水井施工技术研究及应用[J]. 施工技术, 2017, 46(19): 109-113. (GUO H, YUAN X Y, LI J Q, et al. Research and application on construction technology of dewatering well in complex stratum and hard rock of karst area[J]. Construction Technology, 2017, 46(19): 109-113. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7672/sgjs2017190109 GUO H, YUAN X Y, LI J Q, et al. Research and application on construction technology of dewatering well in complex stratum and hard rock of karst area[J]. Construction Technology, 2017, 46（19）: 109-113. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7672/sgjs2017190109
[28]	许汉华, 刘文连, 槐以高, 等. 智能钻孔井下电视在岩溶勘察工程中的应用[J]. 工程勘察, 2020, 48(9): 30-34. (XU H H, LIU W L, HUAI Y G, et al. Application of intelligent borehole television technique in karst investigation[J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2020, 48(9): 30-34. (in Chinese) XU H H, LIU W L, HUAI Y G, et al. Application of intelligent borehole television technique in karst investigation[J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2020, 48（9）: 30-34. (in Chinese)
[29]	谢忠球, 张玉池, 肖宏彬, 等. 岩溶地基灌浆质量评价的声波全波列测井技术[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 43(7): 2757-2761. (XIE Z Q, ZHANG Y C, XIAO H B, et al. Acoustic full wave logging of karst foundation grouting effect evaluation[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2012, 43(7): 2757-2761. (in Chinese) XIE Z Q, ZHANG Y C, XIAO H B, et al. Acoustic full wave logging of karst foundation grouting effect evaluation[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2012, 43（7）: 2757-2761. (in Chinese)
[30]	张广丰. 环境敏感区铁路路基岩溶地基处理新结构研究[J]. 铁道工程学报, 2018, 35(6): 21-25. (ZHANG G F. Research on the new structure of railway subgrade in karst ground treatment in environmental sensitive area[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2018, 35(6): 21-25. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2018.06.005 ZHANG G F. Research on the new structure of railway subgrade in karst ground treatment in environmental sensitive area[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2018, 35（6）: 21-25. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2018.06.005
[31]	陈文尹. 高铁隧道底部大型溶洞先通过后处治技术研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2022, 59(4): 248-255. (CHEN W Y. Study on treatment-after-passing technology for large karst cave below high-speed railway tunnel[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2022, 59(4): 248-255. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2022.04.027 CHEN W Y. Study on treatment-after-passing technology for large karst cave below high-speed railway tunnel[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2022, 59（4）: 248-255. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2022.04.027
[32]	昌钰, 刘耀峰. 岩溶地区钻孔灌注桩施工质量分析与对策[J]. 工业建筑, 2013, 43(S1): 670-674. (CHANG Y, LIU Y F. The analysis and countermeasure of construction quality of cast-in-place bored pile in karst area[J]. Industrial Construction, 2013, 43(S1): 670-674. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2013.s1.232 CHANG Y, LIU Y F. The analysis and countermeasure of construction quality of cast-in-place bored pile in karst area[J]. Industrial Construction, 2013, 43（S1）: 670-674. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2013.s1.232
[33]	XU M J, ZHANG F Y, NI P P, et al. Load–settlement behaviour of membrane-confined grouted pile: experimental and analytical study[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2023, 18(5): 2777-2793. doi: 10.1007/s11440-022-01711-5
[34]	常晓义. 武广高速铁路岩溶地区钻孔灌注桩施工技术[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2010, 7(2): 70-73. (CHANG X Y. Construction technology bored pile in karst region of Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2010, 7(2): 70-73. (in Chinese) CHANG X Y. Construction technology bored pile in karst region of Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2010, 7（2）: 70-73. (in Chinese)
[35]	杨松. 复杂地层环境下的全套管钻孔桩成套技术[J]. 工业建筑, 2017, 47(5): 116-121. (YANG S. Unitized technique for complete diving casing cast-in-place pile in complex stratigraphic conditions[J]. Industrial Construction, 2017, 47(5): 116-121. (in Chinese) YANG S. Unitized technique for complete diving casing cast-in-place pile in complex stratigraphic conditions[J]. Industrial Construction, 2017, 47（5）: 116-121. (in Chinese)
[36]	周峰, 屈伟, 陈杰. 岩溶地区端承桩复合桩基的工程实践[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2016, 12(2): 489-495. (ZHOU F, QU W, CHEN J. Engineering practice on end-bearing composite pile foundation in karst area[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2016, 12(2): 489-495. (in Chinese) doi: 10.20174/j.juse.2016.02.032 ZHOU F, QU W, CHEN J. Engineering practice on end-bearing composite pile foundation in karst area[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2016, 12（2）: 489-495. (in Chinese) doi: 10.20174/j.juse.2016.02.032
[37]	李春生. 深水岩溶地基桥梁灌注桩施工技术与检测分析[J]. 桥梁建设, 2005(4): 59-61,68. (LI C S. Construction techniques and detection analysis of bridge bored piles in karst ground in deep water[J]. Bridge Construction, 2005(4): 59-61,68. (in Chinese) LI C S. Construction techniques and detection analysis of bridge bored piles in karst ground in deep water[J]. Bridge Construction, 2005（4）: 59-61,68. (in Chinese)
[38]	钟杰, 周楚荣, 何龙, 等. 岩溶地区超高层项目钻孔灌注桩施工技术及质量控制研究[J]. 建筑技术, 2023, 54(22): 2739-2741. (ZHONG J, ZHOU C R, HE L, et al. Research on construction technology and quality control of bored pile for super high-rise project in karst area[J]. Architecture Technology, 2023, 54(22): 2739-2741. (in Chinese) ZHONG J, ZHOU C R, HE L, et al. Research on construction technology and quality control of bored pile for super high-rise project in karst area[J]. Architecture Technology, 2023, 54（22）: 2739-2741. (in Chinese)
[39]	杜海龙, 贺茉莉, 罗小斌, 等. 岩溶地区某广场钻孔灌注桩基础补强加固设计与新技术[J]. 中国岩溶, 2019, 38(4): 600-606. (DU H L, HE M L, LUO X B, et al. A new technology of reinforcement by cast-in-place pile foundation in karst areas[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2019, 38(4): 600-606. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11932/karst20190419 DU H L, HE M L, LUO X B, et al. A new technology of reinforcement by cast-in-place pile foundation in karst areas[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2019, 38（4）: 600-606. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11932/karst20190419
[40]	储珺, 李国胜. 岩溶地区某33层住宅楼桩端基岩厚度不足问题分析及处理[J]. 建筑结构, 2019, 49(17): 136-141. (CHU J, LI G S. Analysis and treatment of insufficient pile-end bedrock thickness of a 33-storey residential building in karst area[J]. Building Structure, 2019, 49(17): 136-141. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19701/j.jzjg.2019.17.024 CHU J, LI G S. Analysis and treatment of insufficient pile-end bedrock thickness of a 33-storey residential building in karst area[J]. Building Structure, 2019, 49（17）: 136-141. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19701/j.jzjg.2019.17.024
[41]	陈东波. 岩溶地区厚覆砂层桩基施工方案比选及实例分析[J]. 建筑结构, 2022, 52(17): 139-144. (CHEN D B. Comparison selection and case analysis on construction schemes of thick sand layer covered pile foundation in karst district[J]. Building Structure, 2022, 52(17): 139-144. (in Chinese) CHEN D B. Comparison selection and case analysis on construction schemes of thick sand layer covered pile foundation in karst district[J]. Building Structure, 2022, 52（17）: 139-144. (in Chinese)
[42]	郑杰元, 汪勇, 卿伟宸. 成贵高铁玉京山隧道巨型溶洞顶板防护技术研究[J]. 隧道建设(中英文), 2021, 41(S2): 413-420. (ZHENG J Y, WANG Y, QING W C. Roof protection technology for giant karst cave in Yujingshan tunnel of Chengdu-Guiyang high-speed railway[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2021, 41(S2): 413-420. (in Chinese) ZHENG J Y, WANG Y, QING W C. Roof protection technology for giant karst cave in Yujingshan tunnel of Chengdu-Guiyang high-speed railway[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2021, 41（S2）: 413-420. (in Chinese)
[43]	梅国雄, 陆志宇, 陈家勋, 等. 岩溶地区新型灌注桩承载机理试验及模拟研究[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 49(7): 32-44. (MEI G X, LU Z Y, CHEN J X, et al. Experiment and simulation research on bearing mechanism of a new type grouted pile in karst area[J]. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences), 2022, 49(7): 32-44. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16339/j.cnki.hdxbzkb.2022069 MEI G X, LU Z Y, CHEN J X, et al. Experiment and simulation research on bearing mechanism of a new type grouted pile in karst area[J]. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences), 2022, 49（7）: 32-44. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16339/j.cnki.hdxbzkb.2022069
[44]	肖鸿斌, 金耀岷. 深埋串珠状溶洞的超高层基础设计案例分析[J]. 中国岩溶, 2023, 42(2): 382-390. (XIAO H B, JIN Y M. Case study on super high-rise foundation design of the deep-buried beaded karst cave[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2023, 42(2): 382-390. (in Chinese) XIAO H B, JIN Y M. Case study on super high-rise foundation design of the deep-buried beaded karst cave[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2023, 42（2）: 382-390. (in Chinese)
[45]	WANG P S, DING H Y, ZHANG P Y. Influence of karst caves at pile side on the bearing capacity of super‐long pile foundation[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2020, 2020: 4895735.
[46]	GOTMAN N Z, EVDOKIMOV A G. Calculation of bridge-support pile foundations taking karst deformations into account in the base[J]. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 2023, 60(5): 401-409. doi: 10.1007/s11204-023-09908-w
[47]	HAN G, ZHANG H, WANG Z R, et al. Bearing behavior of rock socketed pile in limestone stratum embedded with a karst cavity beneath pile tip[J]. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2023, 18: e02203. doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02203
[48]	CHEN H Y, FENG Z J, LI T, et al. Study on the vertical bearing performance of pile across cave and sensitivity of three parameters[J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1): 17342. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96883-7
[49]	SHENG M H, LU F Q, JIANG N, et al. Bearing behavior of pile foundation in karst region: physical model test and finite element analysis[J]. Applied Rheology, 2024, 34(1): 20230115. doi: 10.1515/arh-2023-0115
[50]	HUANG L J, GAO R, CHI J G, et al. Study on load-bearing behaviors of prestressed post-grouting tubular piles in the karst region of northern Fujian Province, China[J]. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2024, 12: 1387028. doi: 10.3389/feart.2024.1387028
[51]	ZHOU D Q, ZHU Q, PENG W Z, et al. Effect of newly built embankments on existing bridge piles passing through beaded karst caves[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2024, 24(6): 04024111. doi: 10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-8123
[52]	PENG W Z, JIANG X J, ZHU Q, et al. Responses of karst-penetrating piles under active and passive loading: experimental and numerical investigation[J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2025, 54: 101649. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101649
[53]	张慧乐, 张智浩, 王述红, 等. 岩溶区嵌岩桩的试验研究与分析[J]. 土木工程学报, 2013, 46(1): 92-103. (ZHANG H L, ZHANG Z H, WANG S H, et al. Experimental study and analysis on rock-socketed pile in karst area[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2013, 46(1): 92-103. (in Chinese) ZHANG H L, ZHANG Z H, WANG S H, et al. Experimental study and analysis on rock-socketed pile in karst area[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2013, 46（1）: 92-103. (in Chinese)
[54]	汪婧. 基于上限分析原理的岩溶桩基破坏模式与极限承载力计算[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2019, 16(9): 2207-2214. (WANG J. Failure mode and ultimate bearing capacity of karst pile foundation based on upper-bound theorem[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2019, 16(9): 2207-2214. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.2019.09.011 WANG J. Failure mode and ultimate bearing capacity of karst pile foundation based on upper-bound theorem[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2019, 16（9）: 2207-2214. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.2019.09.011
[55]	艾凯, 王静. 岩溶地区桩基的有限元分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2003, 24(S1): 124-126. (AI K, WANG J. Study of piles foundation in karst area[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2003, 24(S1): 124-126. (in Chinese) AI K, WANG J. Study of piles foundation in karst area[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2003, 24（S1）: 124-126. (in Chinese)
[56]	董芸秀, 冯忠居, 郝宇萌, 等. 岩溶区桥梁桩基承载力试验与合理嵌岩深度[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2018, 18(6): 27-36. (DONG Y X, FENG Z J, HAO Y M, et al. Experiment on bearing capacity of bridge pile foundations in karst areas and reasonable rock-socketed depth[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2018, 18(6): 27-36. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2018.06.004 DONG Y X, FENG Z J, HAO Y M, et al. Experiment on bearing capacity of bridge pile foundations in karst areas and reasonable rock-socketed depth[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2018, 18（6）: 27-36. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2018.06.004
[57]	OU X D, SANG R H, BAI L, et al. Investigation on the post-grouting bearing capacity of bored piles in a highly weathered mudstone layer based on the O-cell test method[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2025, 20(7): 3703-3723. doi: 10.1007/s11440-025-02584-0
[58]	Wan Z H, Dai G L, Gong W M. Field and theoretical analysis of response of axially loaded grouted drilled shafts in extra-thick fine sand[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2020, 57(3): 391-407. doi: 10.1139/cgj-2018-0382
[59]	马永峰, 冉万云, 周丁恒, 等. 岩溶地区大型炼厂地基钻孔灌注桩处理的现场试验[J]. 土工基础, 2015, 29(5): 70-75. (MA Y F, RAN W Y, ZHOU D H, et al. In-situ tests of cast-in-place reinforced concrete piles for large oil refinery foundations in karst[J]. Soil Engineering and Foundation, 2015, 29(5): 70-75. (in Chinese) MA Y F, RAN W Y, ZHOU D H, et al. In-situ tests of cast-in-place reinforced concrete piles for large oil refinery foundations in karst[J]. Soil Engineering and Foundation, 2015, 29（5）: 70-75. (in Chinese)
[60]	王家全, 王宇帆, 苏小舟, 等. 岩溶区灌浆处理桩端缺陷及其质量判定方法研究[J]. 混凝土, 2013(4): 133-136. (WANG J Q, WANG Y F, SU X Z, et al. Based on the karst grouting treatment pile-end defects and quality decision method study[J]. Concrete, 2013(4): 133-136. (in Chinese) WANG J Q, WANG Y F, SU X Z, et al. Based on the karst grouting treatment pile-end defects and quality decision method study[J]. Concrete, 2013（4）: 133-136. (in Chinese)