承压含水层降水引起地层沉降计算与验证

符乔松; 刘盼; 丁春福; 姚爱军; 李立云

doi:10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2025-0299

承压含水层降水引起地层沉降计算与验证

doi: 10.20265/j.cnki.issn.1007-2993.2025-0299

1.
北京工业大学建筑工程学院，北京　100124
2.
中交路桥建设有限公司，北京　100027

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助（2023YFC3009300；2023YFC3009302）

详细信息

作者简介:
符乔松，男，2001年生，在读博士研究生，研究方向为岩土工程。E-mail：fqssqf1226@emails.bjut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李立云，男，1973年生，博士，教授，研究方向为岩土工程。E-mail：lly@bjut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU46⁺3
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- 文章访问数: 56
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- PDF下载量: 9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-09
- 修回日期: 2025-08-24
- 录用日期: 2025-11-11
- 网络出版日期: 2026-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2026-10-08

Calculation and verification of ground settlement due to precipitation in a confined aquifer

1.
School of Architectural Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
2.
Road & Bridge International Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China

摘要

摘要: 北京地铁13号线天通苑站暗挖施工中，因地下水丰富且隧道底板位于承压含水层内，采用止水帷幕效果不佳、成本高昂，故改为开挖前对承压含水层进行预降水减压以控制地下水。为预测降水引发的地表沉降，基于三维地下水动力学理论，建立了一个区域划分数学模型，综合考虑了承压含水层降水压力分布曲线与隔水层顶板的空间位置，并将承压含水层上覆隔水顶板受力区域划分为无压区与承压区。依据能量守恒方程构建了单井降水的孔隙水压力分布公式，并引入Mindlin解计算地表沉降。经实测数据验证，最终沉降值与解析解所求值误差平均值为15%。研究表明，该模型可为短期内深层承压含水层降水引起的地表沉降提供理论依据。
- 降水减压 /
- 承压含水层 /
- 孔隙水压力 /
- 隔水层变形 /
- 地层沉降
Abstract: In the underground excavation construction of Tiantongyuan Station of Beijing Metro Line 13, due to the rich groundwater and the tunnel floor located in the confined aquifer, the effect of the waterproof curtain is not good and the cost is high. Therefore, the confined aquifer is pre-dewatered and decompressed before excavation to control groundwater. In order to predict the surface subsidence caused by precipitation, this study established a mathematical model of regional division based on the three-dimensional groundwater dynamics theory, which comprehensively considered the distribution curve of precipitation pressure in confined aquifer and the spatial position of aquiclude roof. After dividing the stress area of confined aquifer into non-pressure area and pressure area, the pore water pressure distribution formula of single well precipitation was constructed according to the energy conservation equation, and the Mindlin solution was introduced to calculate the surface settlement. Verified by the measured data, the average error between the final settlement value and the analytical solution is 15%. The research shows that the model can provide a theoretical basis for surface subsidence caused by precipitation in deep confined aquifer.
- dewatering and pressure relief /
- confined aquifer /
- pore water pressure /
- confined aquifer deformation /
- ground settlement

HTML全文

图 1 降水井布置图

Figure 1. Dewatering well arrangement

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图 2 承压含水层顶板承压分区

Figure 2. Confined aquifer roof pressure partition

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图 3 三维有限元模型

Figure 3. Three-dimensional finite element model

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图 4 承压含水层降水引起水头与地表沉降随x方向距离的变化

Figure 4. Simulation of precipitation head, surface subsidence and x-direction distance change of confined aquifer

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图 5 孔压计算模型

Figure 5. Pore pressure calculation model

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图 6 承压含水层隔水顶板处孔压随x方向距离变化分布对比图

Figure 6. Comparison of distribution of pore pressure at aquiclude roof of confined aquifer with distance in x direction

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图 7 地表沉降监测值

Figure 7. Surface subsidence monitoring value

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图 8 地表沉降对比

Figure 8. Comparison of surface subsidence

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表 1 数值模拟土层参数

Table 1. Numerical simulation of soil parameters

土层	初始水头 H/m	土层重度 $ {\gamma }_{\mathrm{s}} $/（kN·m⁻³）	孔隙率 n	黏聚力 c/kPa	内摩擦角 φ/（°）	土压缩模量 E_S/MPa	动弹性模量 E_d/MPa	静弹性模量 E₀/MPa	渗透系数 k/（m·d⁻¹）
杂填土	8	20.4	0.22	0	25	60	50	80	1.86
粉质黏土	8	20.3	0.376	33	12.5	20	160	100	0.008
承压含水层（细砂−中砂）	13	20.5	0.3	0	23.1	120	660	150	1.55
粉质黏土	2	20.3	0.25	33	11.7	20	160	100	0.008

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