水泥土搅拌桩在卵砾石地层的应用研究进展

梁涛; 钟建文; 关岩鹏; 刘晓丽; 高艳卫

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2993.2022.04.001

水泥土搅拌桩在卵砾石地层的应用研究进展

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2993.2022.04.001

梁涛^{1, 2,},
钟建文³,
关岩鹏^2, ,,
刘晓丽⁴,
高艳卫⁵

1.
中国航天建设集团有限公司，北京　100071
2.
航天规划设计集团有限公司，北京　100162
3.
清华大学基建规划处，北京　100084
4.
清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室，北京　100084
5.
北京航天地基工程有限责任公司，北京　100070

基金项目: 中国航天建设集团有限公司科研基金（YK2020-01-01）；航天建筑设计研究院有限公司科研基金（YK2020-05）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（52079068）

详细信息

作者简介:
梁　涛，1978年生，男，博士，研究员，主要从事岩土工程方面的科研工作。 E-mail：729693453@qq.com

通讯作者:
关岩鹏，1988年生，男，博士，助理研究员，主要从事工程岩土力学方面的科研工作。 E-mail：hbgyp2008@163.com

中图分类号: TU 473.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-08

Research Progress on Application of Cement Soil Mixing Pile in Gravel Stratum

Liang Tao^{1, 2
,},
Zhong Jianwen³,
Guan Yanpeng^{2
, ,},
Liu Xiaoli⁴,
Gao Yanwei⁵

1.
China Aerospace Construction Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China
2.
Aerospace Planning and Design Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100162, China
3.
The Construction and Planning Office, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
5.
Beijing Aerospace Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China

摘要

摘要: 卵砾石地层可压缩性低、抗剪强度大，水泥土搅拌桩工法在应用于卵砾石地层时存在若干技术问题。系统总结了水泥土搅拌桩工法在卵砾石地层的应用情况，重点对水泥土搅拌桩应用于卵砾石地层的技术难点及主要的改进措施进行了论述，并分析了各改进方法的作用机理、适用性、利弊等。水泥土搅拌桩在穿越卵砾石地层过程中存在施工效率低下、钻具磨损大、施工质量不易控制等技术难题，目前已有水泥土搅拌桩应用于卵砾石地层的成功案例中主要改进工艺可分为钻进、搅拌、排渣共计三大类别，具体可细化为提高动力机头功率、控制钻头钻压及转速、提高钻具材料强度、改进钻头及搅拌叶片结构形式、使用土体改良剂等措施，必要时可引入引孔换填、冲击破碎等工法辅助施工。但总体上应用成功的案例中，卵砾石地层的颗粒粒径及厚度较小，一般粒径不超过150 mm，且未形成系统性的卵砾石地层特征与机械设备技术参数的匹配方法。搅拌桩设备与卵砾石地层相互作用机理研究等工作亟待深化。
- 地基处理 /
- 水泥土搅拌桩 /
- 卵砾石地层 /
- 止水帷幕
Abstract: Gravel stratum has low compressibility and high shear strength. There are some technical problems in the application of cement soil mixing pile method in gravel stratum. The application of cement soil mixing pile in gravel stratum was summarized, and the technical difficulties and main improvement measures of cement soil mixing pile in gravel stratum were also discussed. The action mechanism, applicability, advantages and disadvantages of each improvement method were analyzed. During the process of cement soil mixing pile crossing gravel stratum, there are technical problems such as low construction efficiency, large wear of drilling tools and difficult control of construction quality. At present, there are successful cases of cement soil mixing pile applied to gravel stratum. The main improved processes can be divided into three types, including drilling, mixing and slag discharge, which can be subdivided into improving the power of power machine head, controlling the bit weight and speed, improving the strength of drilling tool materials, improving the structural form of bit and mixing blade, and using soil modifier. If necessary, pilot hole replacement and impact crushing can be introduced to assist the construction. However, in the successful cases, the particle size and thickness of gravel stratum are small, generally no more than 150 mm in particle size, and there is no systematic matching method between gravel stratum characteristics and mechanical equipment technical parameters. The research on the interaction mechanism between mixing pile equipment and gravel stratum needs to be deepened.
- foundation treatment /
- cement soil mixing pile /
- gravel stratum /
- waterproof curtain

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图 1 卵石阻挡叶片钻进路径^[21]

Figure 1. Pebble blocks blade drilling path

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图 2 螺旋式叶片与独立式叶片^[44]

Figure 2. Spiral blade and independent blade

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图 3 水泥土搅拌桩施工工艺间主要联系

Figure 3. Main connection between construction technology of cement soil mixing pile

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图 4 水泥土搅拌桩改进施工措施分类

Figure 4. Classification of improved construction measures for cement soil mixing pile

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表 1 卵砾石地层条件下水泥土搅拌桩工法成功案例

Table 1. Successful case of cement soil mixing pile construction method in Sandy Cobble Stratum

工程名称	卵砾石地层特性	改进方法
福建莆田某工程二层地下室基坑SMW工法桩^[23]	最大厚度约13m，卵石含量约50%～55%，砂粒含量30%～40%，一般卵石粒径3～6 cm，少数颗粒可大于10 cm	提高动力机头功率，改进钻头及搅拌叶片结构形式，使用加固剂，钻进困难时进行引孔换填工作
北京地铁10 号线北土城东路站—芍药居站区间隧道明挖段SMW工法桩^[24]	卵砾石层厚1～3 m，卵石粒径一般为20～30 mm，最大100 mm，亚圆形，含量达55％	提高动力机头功率
杭州某电梯试验塔基坑SMW工法桩^[25]	卵砾石层厚4.3～4.8 m，粒径一般为20～100 mm，局部含漂石	提高动力机头功率，改进钻头及搅拌叶片结构形式
丽水市丽水绿城秀丽春江基坑项目止水帷幕^[26]	含圆砾地层厚1.4～6.5 m，圆砾含量约占35%～40%, 直径多介于2～6 cm, 最大约15 cm, 次圆状质地坚硬	改进传统三轴搅拌桩机的钻头、叶片和动力头
遂宁市观音湖下穿隧道SMW工法桩^[27]	卵石粒径多小于15 cm	引孔辅助施工，利用旋挖机（钻头直径为0.8 m）进行导孔后回填

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表 2 部分国内外深层搅拌机械技术参数^{[23-24, 29]}

Table 2. Technical parameters of some deep mixing machines at home and abroad

机型	轴数	叶片直径/mm	搅拌转速 /(r·min⁻¹)	功率 /kW
DJB-14D	1	500	60	2×22
GZB-600	1	600	50	2×30
SJB-30	2	700	43	2×30
SJB-40	2	700	43	2×40
GDP-72	2	700	46	2×37
ZKD65-3	3	650	17.6	2×45
ZKD58-33	3	850	16	2×75
日本550SMW	3	650	16.5/33.1	2×55
日本850SMW	3	850	15.6/31.3	2×90
ZLD180/85－3－M2－CS	3	850	中14.2/外14.2	2×90
ZLD220/85－3－M2－CS	3	850	中13.8/外13.8	2×110

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