For the three-dimensional effects caused by the excavation, the finite element software ANSYS is used to simulate the excavation process of a foundation pit with non-supporting structure. The distribution of the pit ground lateral displacement with every step of excavation was analyzed. The influence of the different angles of the pit on ground lateral displacement was studied. And, a distribution function of the pit ground lateral displacement was discussed. Some useful conclusions were obtained and the results may provide reference for the excavation design.